Beneficial Effects of an Alternating High- Fat Dietary Regimen on Systemic Insulin Resistance, Hepatic and Renal Inflammation and Renal Function

Abstract

BackgroundAn Alternating high- cholesterol dietary regimen has proven to be beneficial when compared to daily high- cholesterol feeding. In the current study we explored whether the same strategy is applicable to a high- fat dietary regimen.ObjectiveTo investigate whether an alternating high- fat dietary regimen can effectively diminish insulin resistance, hepatic and renal inflammation and renal dysfunction as compared to a continuous high- fat diet.DesignFour groups of male ApoE*3Leiden mice (n = 15) were exposed to different diet regimens for 20 weeks as follows: Group 1: low- fat diet (10 kcal% fat); Group 2: intermediate- fat diet (25 kcal% fat); Group 3: high- fat diet (45 kcal% fat) and Group 4: alternating- fat diet (10 kcal% fat for 4 days and 45 kcal% fat for 3 days in a week).ResultsCompared to high fat diet feeding, the alternating and intermediate- fat diet groups had reduced body weight gain and did not develop insulin resistance or albuminuria. In addition, in the alternating and intermediate- fat diet groups, parameters of tissue inflammation were markedly reduced compared to high fat diet fed mice.ConclusionBoth alternating and intermediate- fat feeding were beneficial in terms of reducing body weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic and renal inflammation and renal dysfunction. Thus beneficial effects of alternating feeding regimens on cardiometabolic risk factors are not only applicable for cholesterol containing diets but can be extended to diets high in fat content.

Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity

“…Three visceral adipose depots (gonadal, mesenteric, and perirenal) were isolated, weighed, partly snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and partly fixed in 10% formalin. Frozen samples were stored at −80°C, and formalin fixed samples were processed as described previously and embedded in paraffin [ 24 ]. Livers were dissected as a whole, weighed, and then partially stored in paraffin and partially snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.…”

“…Four μ m thin paraffin sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin according to procedures described previously [ 24 ]. Quantification of the number of crown-like structures (CLS) was performed as described previously [ 23 ].…”

Obesity-induced chronic inflammation in high fat diet challenged C57BL/6J mice is associated with acceleration of age-dependent renal amyloidosis

“…Paraffin embedded kidney sections (4 μm), were fixed in aceton and deparaffinized as described elsewhere 51 , and stained for Masson’s trichrome (MT) and periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS). MT and PAS sections were assessed by brightfield microscopy and representative pictures of cortical regions and individual glomeruli were taken at 100× and 400× magnification respectively (Olympus BX50/DP72, Olympus, Shinjuku, Tokio, Japan).…”

“…RNA was isolated from thirty 5μm thin cryo sectons using Rneasy Mini plus Kit (Qiagen, Westburg, Leusden, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Procedures for determining RNA integrity, quality and quantity as well as cDNA synthesis can be found elsewhere 51 . Expression of selected genes was performed by Assays-On-Demand primer probe sets ( Tnf ; Mm00443258_m1, Mcp-1 ; Mm00441242_m1, IL-6; Mm00446190_m1, IL-1β; Mm00434228_m1, Ppia; Mm02342430_g1, AB Systems, Foster City, CA).…”

Effects of chocolate supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in ApoE3L mice fed a high-cholesterol atherogenic diet

“…For light microscopy, 3 μm renal paraffin sections were stained with periodic acid Schiff's as reported . Immunohistochemical staining for macrophages was performed on acetone‐fixed 5 μm cryosections using an anti‐rabbit peroxidase‐based Envision®+ system (DakoCytomation, Carpinteria, CA, USA).…”