Beneficial Effects of Aminoguanidine on Skin Flap Survival in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Random flaps in DM patients have poor reliability for wound coverage, and flap loss remains a complex challenge. The protective effects of aminoguanidine (AG) administration on the survival of dorsal random flaps and oxidative stress were studied in diabetic rats. Two months after the onset of DM, dorsal McFarlane flaps were raised. Forty rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) AG, (3) DM, and (4) DM + AG groups. Flap viability, determined with the planimetric method, and free-radical measurements were investigated. In addition, HbA1c and blood glucose levels, body weight measurements, and histopathological examinations were evaluated. The mean flap necrotic areas (%) in Groups I to IV were 50.9 ± 13.0, 32.9 ± 12.5, 65.2 ± 11.5, and 43.5 ± 14.7, respectively. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were higher in the DM group than in the nondiabetic group, while the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were reduced as a result of flap injury. In the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, AG administration significantly reduced the MDA and NO levels and significantly increased GSH content and SOD enzyme activity. We concluded that AG plays an important role in preventing random pattern flap necrosis.

Effects of Systemic Chlorogenic Acid on Random-Pattern Dorsal Skin Flap Survival in Diabetic Rats

“…52,53) On the other hand increased endogenous NO levels may cause inadequate blood perfusion, which is the major cause of flap necrosis, and diabetes may aggravate the situation. 16,44) In the current study, the NO levels were higher in the flap tissues of PBS-treated rats, and diabetes significantly increased the level of NO. However, CGA significantly decreased the NO levels in all the flap tissues.…”

“…NO can be destructive and cytotoxic or protective depending on the oxidation-reduction state of the molecule. 44,45) Externally NO has been demonstrated to exhibit beneficial effects in wound repair. Although exogenous NO therapy improves wound healing, the exact mechanisms of NO activity on healing parameters are still unknown.…”

Short-term memory of danger signals or environmental stimuli in mesenchymal stem cells: implications for therapeutic potential

“…The backs of the rats were completely shaved with an electric razor, and a randomly selected dorsal skin flap (833 cm) was elevated on the dorsal trunk of the animal according to a previous protocol. 22 Each of the 15 diabetic rats was randomly placed into one of three groups. One hour after skin flap surgery, rats in the three groups were intraperitoneally injected with isotonic sodium chloride, 2310 6 AD-MSCs or 2310 6 LPS-treated AD-MSCs.…”

Topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice

“…[20]. In the AgNO 3 group , 10 μl of 0.5 % AgNO 3 [22] was applied onto wounds topically at 24-h intervals during days 1-3 p.w.…”

“…Also, effect of PDT on level of inflammatory stress markers, phosphorylated nuclear factor kaapa B (phospho-NF-kB-p65) and p 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (phospho-p 38 MAPK) were monitored, since expression of these factors are influenced by diabetes [15,16], bacteria infection [17], and ROS [18,19]. Further, the efficacy of APDT has been compared with that of aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of advanced glycated end products which play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications [20,21] and silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), an antibacterial agent [22].…”