Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Immunosenescence

Franzese, Ornella; Barbaccia, Maria Luisa; Bonmassar, Enzo; Graziani, Grazia

doi:10.1159/000487534

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Journal of Immunology Research and a progressive loss of function of the innate and adaptive immune system [78]. Despite ART effectiveness, residual HIV infection still has consequences on the immune phenotype of the host: HIV-driven immune senescence is indeed one of the leading contributors to the premature aging displayed by HIV patients [79,80]. A senescent immune system, characterized by the accumulation of functionally impaired differentiated immune cells, compromises the immune response [81], hampering the ability to react to novel antigen challenges and contributing to frailty [82].…”

Section: Premature Immune Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Dalzini

Petrara

Ballin

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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Chronic HIV-infected children suffer from premature aging and aging-related diseases. Viral replication induces an ongoing inflammation process, with the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the activation of the immune system, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Although combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly modified the natural course of HIV infection, normalization of T and B cell phenotype is not completely achievable; thus, many HIV-infected children display several phenotypical alterations, including higher percentages of activated cells, that favor an accelerated telomere attrition, and higher percentages of exhausted and senescent cells. All these features ultimately lead to the clinical manifestations related to premature aging and comorbidities typically observed in older general population, including non-AIDS-related malignancies. Therefore, even under effective treatment, the premature aging process of HIV-infected children negatively impacts their quality and length of life. This review examines the available data on the impact of HIV and ART on immune and biological senescence of HIV-infected children.

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Section: Premature Immune Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Dalzini

Petrara

Ballin

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Although ART has significantly improved both the quality and lifespan of patients, the life expectancy of treated patients is even shorter than that of uninfected individuals. In particular, while ART may counteract some features of HIV-associated immunosenescence, several anti-HIV drugs may themselves help to amplify other aspects of immune ageing and chronic inflammation [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between different anti-retroviral therapy regimes on soluble inflammation markers: a pilot study

et al. 2020

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Background Although HIV-related deaths have decreased dramatically following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection itself causes increased morbidity and mortality for both non-AIDS-related events or chronic inflammation and immune activation. The use of certain antiretroviral drugs can contribute to this process. Methods We investigated 26 potential biomarkers in serum samples from HIV-1 infected patients virologically suppressed under ART. The main objective of our study was to evaluate if virological suppression achieved with a triple drug regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate co-formulated with emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as backbone, could correlate with a better immunological and inflammatory profile in relation to the third class of antiretroviral drug administered. The eligible patients were then divided into 3 groups in relation to the third drug associated with TDF/FTC: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (Group 1, n = 16), protease inhibitors (PI) (Group 2, n = 17) and integrase inhibitors (INI) (Group 3, n = 16). Results Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were more represented in Group 2 than in Group 3 (IL-1Ra, p = 0.013; IL-12p70 p = 0.039; TNF-α p = 0.041; IL-8, p = 0.027; MIP1 β, p = 0.033). Eotaxin showed lower levels in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p = 0.010), while IP-10 was significantly lower in Group 1 compared to both Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions Our results seem to discourage the administration of PI as a third drug in a virologically effective antiretroviral regimen, as its use is linked to the detection of higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in comparison with INI and NNRTI.

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“…Although ART has signi cantly improved both the quality and lifespan of patients, the life expectancy of treated patients is even shorter than that of uninfected individuals. In particular, while ART may counteract some features of HIV-associated immunosenescence, several anti-HIV drugs may themselves help to amplify other aspects of immune ageing and chronic in ammation (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Different Anti-retroviral Therapy Regimes on Soluble Infammation Markers: a Pilot Study

Maritati

Trentini

Zanotta

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Although HIV-related deaths have decreased dramatically following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection itself causes increased morbidity and mortality for both non-AIDS-related events or chronic inflammation and immune activation. The use of certain antiretroviral drugs can contribute to this process.Methods: We investigated 26 potential biomarkers in serum samples from HIV-1 infected patients virologically suppressed under ART. The main objective of our study was to evaluate if virological suppression achieved with a triple drug regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate co-formulated with emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as backbone, could correlate with a better immunological and inflammatory profile in relation to the third class of antiretroviral drug administered. The eligible patients were then divided into 3 groups in relation to the third drug associated with TDF/FTC: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (Group 1, n=16), protease inhibitors (PI) (Group 2, n=17) and integrase inhibitors (INI) (Group 3, n=16).Results: Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were more represented in Group 2 than in Group 3 (IL-1Ra, p=0.013; IL-12p70 p=0.039; TNF-α p=0.041; IL-8, p=0.027; MIP1 β, p=0.033). Eotaxin showed lower levels in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.010), while IP-10 was significantly lower in Group 1 compared to both Group 2 and Group 3 (p=0.003 and p=0.007, respectively).Conclusions: our results seem to discourage the administration of PI as a third drug in a virologically effective antiretroviral regimen, as its use is linked to the detection of higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in comparison with INI and NNRTI.

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Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Immunosenescence

Cited by 13 publications

References 152 publications

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

A comparison between different anti-retroviral therapy regimes on soluble inflammation markers: a pilot study

A Comparison Between Different Anti-retroviral Therapy Regimes on Soluble Infammation Markers: a Pilot Study

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