Bending and transverse shear stresses in fiber-composite beams by the transformed-section method

A rational utilization of reinforcement material for flexural design of 3D-printed composite beams

“…The location of this neutral axis, which is a key parameter for the formulation of flexural behavior, can be determined using the transformed section methodology commonly preferred for composite systems in the literature. 35–37 In this study, the location of the neutral axis of the 3D-printed beams made of main two components (nylon and carbon fiber) is analyzed by using the transformed section of the beam where the carbon-fiber area is transformed into equivalent nylon area as shown in Figure 1. 38 Furthermore, the flexural behavior of the carbon-fiber-reinforced 3D-printed beams is dominated by the linear and brittle mechanical property of carbon-fibers.…”

Timoshenko beam models for the coupled analysis of building response to tunnelling

“…where EA 0 , EI 0 , and GA s,0 corresponds to the full-cross section whereas the presence of openings is accounted in terms of reduction factors (λ, α, β). For composite structures (composed of two or more materials), EA 0 , EI 0 , GA s,0 may be estimated by adopting the transformed-section method, as shown in Figure 3 ( Kassimali et al, 1986). Reduction factors are computed with the strip method proposed by Pickhaver et al…”

Fiber reinforcement of a resin modified glass ionomer cement

“…For the braided long fiber samples, the fibers were oriented parallel to the length and on the tension side of the bend beams (Figure 1). Due to the laminate nature of the beam samples, the flexural strength was calculated using the transformed section method [24]. Using this method, a laminate of two materials with different elastic modulus can be transformed to an equivalent cross-sectional shape of homogeneous material, which in this case was chosen as the RMGIC.…”