Would it surprise you to know that the first patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with MOPP (mustargen, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine) were continually hospitalized in the National Cancer Institute Clinical Center for 6 months? MOPP is widely regarded as the first curative chemotherapy for a previously incurable adult malignancy. The regimen also served as the prototype for development of the cyclic cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens in use today, and for decades was a benchmark for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Thirty-three years later, MOPP's successor chemotherapies are infused in oncologist offices, and patients then recover in their own homes.Part of the progress made in treating Hodgkin's disease and other malignancies is derived from studying optimum chemotherapy dose delivery. While there are emerging benchmarks around chemotherapy dose and timing, there are few publicly available benchmarks to guide other aspects of oncology practice.In this issue of JOP, we publish results of two early studies that benchmark medical oncology practice. One article, from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), focuses on oncologists in academic practice. 1 The second article, from the Onmark network of oncologists, focuses on support staff productivity and resource (ie, chemotherapy chair) allocation. 2 A related piece chronicles how physician work is measured and reported by the Current Procedural Terminology process and its embedded concept of relative value units (RVUs). 3 To provide context, it is worth an explanatory note about the two organizations that sponsored the studies. The NCCN is an organization of 20 academic cancer centers. Membership is limited but geographically representative. Physicians represented in the survey data practice almost exclusively in an academic setting, are paid by salary, and patient care is a portion of their weekly activities. Onmark is a commercial entity and functions as a "group purchasing organization" or GPO, the main function of which is to assist office-based oncology practices with their purchase and supply of chemotherapy drugs. (Disclosure: I am on NCCNЈs Board of Directors, and was one of Onmark's parent, OTN, first customers.) Both entities have an interest in providing productivity benchmarks to their members.Both surveys start with the premise that economic pressures are forcing oncology practices and faculties to efficiently use expensive staff and physician resources. Both focused on the physician and on physician work as a central unit of measure, and both used data from roughly 2005. Though there are other places to start the analysis (the oncology patient is one choice), choosing the oncology physician as a starting point makes sense. Oncologists are expensive and increasingly scarce resources; oncologists often function as leaders of teams of other expensive professionals, and rightly sizing the team is important; and finally, most oncology practices are owned and organized by oncologists.Authors of both surveys struggled with the definit...