Bench Scale Testing of Low-NOx LBG Combustors

Clark, W.D.; Folsom, B.A.; Seeker, W.R.; Courtney, C. W.

doi:10.1115/1.3227241

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Similar results are published in Ref. 11, but there is no big potential to further reduce the NOx emissions because unrealistically large sizes would be necessary. Fig.…”

Section: Fig 9 Kinetic Effect Of Fbn On Rich Burn Nox-emissionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Alternative Fuels: Burner Concepts and Emission Characteristics of a Silo Combustor

Krockow

Schabbehard

1982

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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As the design philosophy of a silo combustor differs largely from the better known one of smaller can type combustors, the paper describes the impact of alternative fuels on the burner concepts and emission characteristics of the silo combustor. Some published influences of a higher C/H-ratio on wall temperatures and smoke emission could not be observed. The large volume of the silo combustor offers the possibility of burning coal derived gases with heat values as low as 1800 kJ/kg. Nitrogenous liquid fuels need a rich burning first combustion stage with a long residence time. Calculations which closely agree with latest published test results show the pronounced effect of residence time to the rich burn quick quench concept. This becomes even more distinct in the case of a low BTU coal gas containing NH3 or HCN resulting in unrealistic large combustor volumes. In addition, a general graph based on kinetic calculations shows the expected NOx increase or decrease of any kind of CO, H2 and inert concentration in a coal gas related to the NOx result of methane in the same combustor.

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“…Similar results are published in Ref. 11, but there is no big potential to further reduce the NOx emissions because unrealistically large sizes would be necessary. Fig.…”

Section: Fig 9 Kinetic Effect Of Fbn On Rich Burn Nox-emissionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Alternative Fuels: Burner Concepts and Emission Characteristics of a Silo Combustor

Krockow

Schabbehard

1982

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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“…Because of the high concentration of CO in the gasified coal fuel, NO is reduced to an N radical with oxidization of CO to CO2 by reaction (17), and the N radical promotes the reduction of NO into N2 by reaction (11).…”

Section: Nh2+0 Za Hno+hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research into the basic characteristics of gasified coal fuel combustion includes research into the flammability limit of mixed gas consisting of CH4 or H2 diluted with N2, Ar or He [3]; the impact of N2 on burning velocityr4j; the effect of N2 and CO2 on flammability limits [5] (6); the combustion characteristics of low calorific fuel [7] [8]; basic research into the premixed combustion of medium calorific fuel[91, investigations using model combustors [10] [11] and research into gas turbines for power generation and other industrial uses [12]-(151. However, there is very little systematic research into the effect of fuel composition or calorific value on the formation characteristics of NOx from gasified coal fuel, including NH3, or into the low NOx combustion method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Combustion Characteristics of Gasified Coal Fuel

Hasegawa

Sato

Nakata

1999

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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The development of integrated, coal-gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems provides cost-effective and environmentally sound options for meeting future coal-utilizing power generation needs in the world. The Japanese government and the Electric Power Industries in Japan promoted research and development of an IGCC system. We have being working on developing a low-NOx combustion technology used in gas turbine combustors for IGCC. Each gaseous fuel produced from some raw materials contained CO and H2 as the main combustible components, and a small amount of CH4. Compositions and calorific values of gasified coal fuels varied widely depending on raw materials and gasifier types. Gaseous fuel, produced in various gasifiers, has a calorific value of 4–13MJ/m 3, which is about one-tenth to one-third that of natural gas. The flame temperatures of fuels increase as the fuel calorific value rises. When the fuel calorific value rises 8MJ/m 3 or higher, the flame temperature is higher than that of natural gas, and so NOx production from nitrogen fixation is expected to increase significantly. Also, some gasified coal fuels contain fuel nitrogen, such as ammonia, if the hot/dry type gas cleaning system is employed. These factors affect the combustion characteristics of the gasified coal fuel. In this paper, we clarified the influence of gasified coal fuel properties on NOx and CO emissions through experiments using a small diffusion burner and through numerical analysis based on reaction kinetics. The main results were as follows: (1) NH3 conversion to NOx increases with increasing CH4 concentration in gaseous fuel. (2) If gaseous fuel contains CH4, there will be some specific equivalence ratio in the primary combustion zone for the minimum NH3 conversion to NOx in the two-staged combustion. (3) Its specific equivalence ratio in the primary combustion zone increases with decreasing CH4 concentration in gaseous fuel. (4) If the fuel contains a small percent of CH4, there is no influence of the CO/H2 molar ratio in the fuel on the conversion rate of NH3 to NOx, while there is an influence in the case where fuel contains no CH4. The conversion rate increases with rises in the CO/H2 molar ratio. (5) As the pressure increases, the conversion rate of NH3 to NOx slightly decreases and the CO emission declines significantly.

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“…On the other hand, with respect to the combustion emission characteristics of oxygen-blown medium calorific fuel, Pillsbury et al [64] and Clark et al [65] investigated low-NOx combustion technologies using model combustors. In the 1970s, Battista and Farrell [66] and Beebe et al [67] attempted one of the earliest tests using medium-Btu fuel in a gas turbine combustor.…”

Section: Low-nox Combustion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Combustion and Ammonia Removal Technology of Gasified Fuels

Hasegawa

2010

Energies

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From the viewpoints of securing a stable supply of energy and protecting our global environment in the future, the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation of various gasifying methods has been introduced in the world. Gasified fuels are chiefly characterized by the gasifying agents and the synthetic gas cleanup methods and can be divided into four types. The calorific value of the gasified fuel varies according to the gasifying agents and feedstocks of various resources, and ammonia originating from nitrogenous compounds in the feedstocks depends on the synthetic gas clean-up methods. In particular, air-blown gasified fuels provide low calorific fuel of 4 MJ/m 3 and it is necessary to stabilize combustion. In contrast, the flame temperature of oxygen-blown gasified fuel of medium calorie between approximately 9-13 MJ/m 3 is much higher, so control of thermal-NOx emissions is necessary. Moreover, to improve the thermal efficiency of IGCC, hot/dry type synthetic gas clean-up is needed. However, ammonia in the fuel is not removed and is supplied into the gas turbine where fuel-NOx is formed in the combustor. For these reasons, suitable combustion technology for each gasified fuel is important. This paper outlines combustion technologies and combustor designs of the high temperature gas turbine for various IGCCs. Additionally, this paper confirms that further decreases in fuel-NOx emissions can be achieved by removing ammonia from gasified fuels through the application of selective, non-catalytic denitration. From these basic considerations, the performance of specifically designed combustors for each IGCC proved the proposed methods to be sufficiently effective. The combustors were able to achieve strong results, decreasing thermal-NOx emissions to 10 ppm (corrected at 16% oxygen) or less, and fuel-NOx emissions by 60% or more, under conditions where ammonia concentration per fuel heating value in unit volume was 2.4 × 10 2 ppm/(MJ/m 3 ) or higher. Average equivalence ratio at combustor exhaust φ p Average equivalence ratio in primary combustion zone ΔP/q Total pressure loss coefficient (characteristic section is combustor-exit) OPEN ACCESS

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Bench Scale Testing of Low-NOx LBG Combustors

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Alternative Fuels: Burner Concepts and Emission Characteristics of a Silo Combustor

Alternative Fuels: Burner Concepts and Emission Characteristics of a Silo Combustor

A Study of Combustion Characteristics of Gasified Coal Fuel

Gas Turbine Combustion and Ammonia Removal Technology of Gasified Fuels

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