As the design philosophy of a silo combustor differs largely from the better known one of smaller can type combustors, the paper describes the impact of alternative fuels on the burner concepts and emission characteristics of the silo combustor. Some published influences of a higher C/H-ratio on wall temperatures and smoke emission could not be observed. The large volume of the silo combustor offers the possibility of burning coal derived gases with heat values as low as 1800 kJ/kg. Nitrogenous liquid fuels need a rich burning first combustion stage with a long residence time. Calculations which closely agree with latest published test results show the pronounced effect of residence time to the rich burn quick quench concept. This becomes even more distinct in the case of a low BTU coal gas containing NH3 or HCN resulting in unrealistic large combustor volumes. In addition, a general graph based on kinetic calculations shows the expected NOx increase or decrease of any kind of CO, H2 and inert concentration in a coal gas related to the NOx result of methane in the same combustor.
Premix combustion of natural gas in Siemens hybrid burners has been carried out successfully in gas turbine power plant since 1986 and has enabled NOx emissions below 10 ppm to be achieved without additional water or steam injection. Based on this experience, the hybrid burner has been further developed for the premix combustion of fuel oil and is now in commercial operation in a Siemens Model V94.2 gas turbine at the Halmstad power plant in Sweden. The final testing of the new burners on site was carried out from January to September 1993 by courtesy of and in a fruitful cooperation with the client, SYDKRAFT AB. This paper sets out a number of requirements for successful premix combustion of fuel oil, describes how these requirements have been met and concludes with the results of site measurements of NOx and CO emissions. Base load NOx emissions were reduced to less than a quarter of their previous values without additional water or steam injection.
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