Below‐ground interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal shrubs decrease the performance of pinyon pine and the abundance of its ectomycorrhizas

McHugh, Theresa A.; Gehring, Catherine A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01735.x

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…However, interactions between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots may be negative (or competitive) and, as a consequence, ectomycorrhizal fungi may expel arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from non-fagaceous plant hosts under certain root environmental conditions [67] (see also [41], [68]). Thus, we hypothesize that by competitively excluding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from adjacent non-fagaceous plant individuals, ectomycorrhizal fungi and their fagaceous plant hosts may obtain more soil nutrients, thereby establishing advantage over their neighboring competitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Spatial Structure of Belowground Plant–Fungal Symbiosis in a Mixed Subtropical Forest of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

2014

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Plant–mycorrhizal fungal interactions are ubiquitous in forest ecosystems. While ectomycorrhizal plants and their fungi generally dominate temperate forests, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is common in the tropics. In subtropical regions, however, ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal plants co-occur at comparable abundances in single forests, presumably generating complex community structures of root-associated fungi. To reveal root-associated fungal community structure in a mixed forest of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, we conducted a massively-parallel pyrosequencing analysis, targeting fungi in the roots of 36 plant species that co-occur in a subtropical forest. In total, 580 fungal operational taxonomic units were detected, of which 132 and 58 were probably ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal, respectively. As expected, the composition of fungal symbionts differed between fagaceous (ectomycorrhizal) and non-fagaceous (possibly arbuscular mycorrhizal) plants. However, non-fagaceous plants were associated with not only arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but also several clades of ectomycorrhizal (e.g., Russula) and root-endophytic ascomycete fungi. Many of the ectomycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi were detected from both fagaceous and non-fagaceous plants in the community. Interestingly, ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were concurrently detected from tiny root fragments of non-fagaceous plants. The plant–fungal associations in the forest were spatially structured, and non-fagaceous plant roots hosted ectomycorrhizal fungi more often in the proximity of ectomycorrhizal plant roots. Overall, this study suggests that belowground plant–fungal symbiosis in subtropical forests is complex in that it includes “non-typical” plant–fungal combinations (e.g., ectomycorrhizal fungi on possibly arbuscular mycorrhizal plants) that do not fall within the conventional classification of mycorrhizal symbioses, and in that associations with multiple functional (or phylogenetic) groups of fungi are ubiquitous among plants. Moreover, ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of fagaceous plants may “invade” the roots of neighboring non-fagaceous plants, potentially influencing the interactions between non-fagaceous plants and their arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal symbionts at a fine spatial scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Spatial Structure of Belowground Plant–Fungal Symbiosis in a Mixed Subtropical Forest of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

2014

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“…Some AM fungi can even inhibit ECM fungus colonization of ECM conifers (Haskins and Gehring, 2004;McHugh and Gehring, 2006); conversely, ECM fungus mats associated with pines can inhibit restoration of AM plant communities (Theit and Boerner, 2007). For example, the native pinegrass, Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl., has been shown to reduce colonization and diversity of ECM fungi colonizing establishing conifer seedlings (Simard et al, 2003;Hagerman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Low To Moderate Severity Disturbancementioning

confidence: 98%

The foundational role of mycorrhizal networks in self-organization of interior Douglas-fir forests

Simard

2009

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…A recent metaanalysis by Barto and Rillig (2010), however, challenged this view and argued that herbivory has only a minor impact on mycorrhizal colonization. Experiments on responses of mycorrhizal colonization to plant-plant competition also show mixed outcomes: positive (Urcelay et al 2003), negative (McHugh and Gehring 2006) and neutral effects on mycorrhizal colonization (Hartley and Amos 1999;Titus and Leps 2000) have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Root fungal symbionts interact with mammalian herbivory, soil nutrient availability and specific habitat conditions

Ruotsalainen

Eskelinen

2011

Oecologia

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Herbivory, competition and soil fertility interactively shape plant communities and exhibit an important role in modifying conditions for host-dependent fungal symbionts. However, field studies on the combined impacts of natural herbivory, competition and soil fertility on root fungal symbionts are rare. We asked how mammalian herbivory, fertilization, liming and plant-plant competition affect the root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi of the dicot herb, Solidago virgaurea. The 2-year full-factorial experiment was conducted in two contrasting habitats: non-acidic and acidic mountain tundra. We found that herbivory increased arbuscular colonization (i.e. the site of resource exchange) at fertile non-acidic sites, where vegetation was rich in species having AMF symbionts, whereas at infertile acidic sites, where plants having AMF symbiont are scarce, the response was the opposite. Herbivory of the host plant negatively affected DSE hyphal and sclerotial colonization in unfertilized plots, possibly due to reduced carbon flow from the host plant while there was no effect of herbivory in fertilized plots. DSE colonization was highest in unfertilized exclosures where soil nutrient concentrations were also lowest. Liming had a negative effect on DSE hyphal colonization, and its effect also interacted with herbivory and the habitat. Biomass removal of the neighboring plants did not affect the root colonization percent of either arbuscules or DSE. Our results show that the impacts of aboveground mammalian herbivory, soil nutrient availability and specific habitat conditions on belowground root fungal symbionts are highly dependent on each other. Arbuscule response to herbivory appeared to be regulated by specific habitat conditions possibly caused by differences in the AMF availability in the soil while DSE response was associated with availability of host-derived carbon. Our result of the relationship between herbivory and soil nutrients suggests an important role of DSE in ecosystem processes.

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Below‐ground interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal shrubs decrease the performance of pinyon pine and the abundance of its ectomycorrhizas

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Diversity and Spatial Structure of Belowground Plant–Fungal Symbiosis in a Mixed Subtropical Forest of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

Diversity and Spatial Structure of Belowground Plant–Fungal Symbiosis in a Mixed Subtropical Forest of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

The foundational role of mycorrhizal networks in self-organization of interior Douglas-fir forests

Root fungal symbionts interact with mammalian herbivory, soil nutrient availability and specific habitat conditions

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