Below-Grade Planting Adversely Affects Survival and Growth of Tree Species from Five Different Families

Arnold, Michael A.; McDonald, Garry V.; Bryan, Donita L.; Denny, Geoffrey C.; Watson, W. Todd; Lombardini, Leonardo

doi:10.48044/jauf.2007.008

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Growth indices for both height and trunk diameter were calculated as follows: growth index = (new measure -previous measure)/ previous measure. This is analogous to relative growth rate calculations, except it is based on nondestructive measures rather than dry weights (Arnold et al, 2007). Most recently, matured leaves were sampled for tissue nutrient content analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkalinity Tolerance of Selected Provenances of Taxodium Rich

Denny¹,

Arnold²,

Mackay³

2008

horts

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Forty seedlings from each of 14 open-pollinated families of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. from the southeastern United States, central Texas, and south Texas/Mexico were evaluated in the summer of 2005 for foliar chlorosis in a field situation with alkaline soil. The families from Mexico and south Texas had the lowest levels of chlorosis followed by those from central Texas and then those from the gulf coast. Height growth and trunk diameter were inversely related to chlorosis levels. Open-pollinated families from the gulf coast also had a significantly lower foliar manganese content on an alkaline field site compared with the western families. When selecting plant material for an alkaline site, genotypes from Mexico and south Texas should be preferred followed by central Texas genotypes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkalinity Tolerance of Selected Provenances of Taxodium Rich

Denny¹,

Arnold²,

Mackay³

2008

horts

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“…Trees growing in the field or container prior to transplanting have grown roots under optimal or near-optimal conditions. When the tree is transplanted into a streetscape, and the depth of soil above the root system is suddenly increased, oxygen and moisture availability and the physical characteristics of the root zone are changed (Arnold et al 2007;Day et al 2009). After planting in the landscape, the irrigation regime must suit the tree's requirements.…”

Section: Depth Of Plantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canopy dieback directly, and adversely, affects root growth because of reduced carbohydrates and growth regulators. Trees planted too deeply may exhibit good canopy growth (Moore 1985), but their prospects for successful establishment are compromised (Arnold et al 2007;Day et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Six Indicators of Street Tree Establishment in Melbourne, Australia

Leers¹,

Moore²,

May³

2018

AUF

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A number of factors can influence successful street tree establishment, including inappropriate selection of stock, poorquality stock, poor planting technique, insufficient irrigation, poor weed control, and inadequate maintenance. Urban tree managers need reliable, accurate, and practical indicators of whether street trees have successfully established to inform decisions about removing supporting stakes or continuing irrigation regimes. The establishment of street trees planted as large format stock was investigated using a survey of 510 trees from 21 species managed by three municipalities in Greater Melbourne, Australia. A planted tree can only be considered established when the partial root system in the root ball or the confined root system in a container has developed into a spreading root system, utilizing moisture and available nutrients throughout a larger soil volume. Thus, an indicator of root expansion into soil of a greater volume is necessary, as are measures of canopy growth, such as shoot-tip growth or canopy dieback. The survey assessed six factors indicative of successful or poor establishment: whether trees had been planted too deeply, whether trees exhibited trunk movement at or below the soil surface, damage to the trunk, trunk sunscald injury, presence of epicormic shoots on the trunk, and whether there were co-dominant stems. The results demonstrated that trunk damage (8%) and codominant stems (5%) occurred at low rates in the trees, but the presence of epicormic shoots (12%) and sunscald damage (12.5%) was more common, and 12% of trees had been planted too deeply and 42% of trees were unstable. Three criteria—shoot tip extension, trunk movement in the ground, and percentage of canopy dieback—provided useful measures of whether street trees were assessed as being well- or poorly-established. This is the first study to record a high incidence of sunscald injury to urban trees in Australia.

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Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna 7 years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation

Day

Harris

2008

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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Below-Grade Planting Adversely Affects Survival and Growth of Tree Species from Five Different Families

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Alkalinity Tolerance of Selected Provenances of Taxodium Rich

Alkalinity Tolerance of Selected Provenances of Taxodium Rich

Assessment of Six Indicators of Street Tree Establishment in Melbourne, Australia

Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna 7 years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation

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