Bell Inequality Violation with Two Remote Atomic Qubits

Matsukevich, Dzmitry; Maunz, Peter; Moehring, D. L.; Olmschenk, S.; Monroe, Christopher

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.150404

Cited by 343 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Due to experimental limitations, fair sampling has been assumed in nearly every Bell experiment performed to date; a few exceptions include (5)(6)(7)(8). To date, it has never been possible to avoid this assumption with photons due to the absence of efficient sources and detectors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption

Giustina

Mech

Ramelow

et al. 2013

Nature

510

595

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Abstract:The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces one to abandon a local realistic worldview, namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined prior to and independent of measurement and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction making them vulnerable to so-called "loopholes." Here, we use photons and high-efficiency superconducting detectors to violate a Bell inequality closing the fair-sampling loophole, i.e. without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble. Additionally, we demonstrate that our setup can realize one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution on both sides. This represents a significant advance relevant to both fundamental tests and promising quantum applications. Introduction:In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) (1) argued that quantum mechanics is incomplete when assuming that no physical influence can be faster than the speed of light and that properties of physical systems are elements of reality. They considered measurements on spatially separated pairs of entangled particles. Measurement on one particle of an entangled pair projects the other instantly on a well-defined state, independent of their spatial separation. In 1964, Bell (2) showed that no local realistic theory can reproduce all quantum mechanical predictions for entangled states. His renowned Bell inequality proved that there is an upper limit to the strength of the observed correlations predicted by local realistic theories. Quantum theory's predictions violate this limit.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption

Giustina

Mech

Ramelow

et al. 2013

Nature

510

595

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“…In the following, we specify suitable parameters that allow T 1 and T 2 to fulfill the conditions (132) and (133), the directionK + pointing to the detector, the wavepackets' directions of incidence, and the wavepackets' polarizations. Wavepacket properties are described by the amplitude functions f 1o , f 2o .…”

Section: Implementation Of the Open And The Closed CCI Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous Bell test experiments have been conducted [49,[62][63][64][129][130][131][132], some with considerable violations of the inequality. Experiments usually implement tests based on the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality [57,125] that is an extension of Bell's original inequality.…”

Section: A Bell Inequality Test For Coherent Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach To “Quantumness” In Coherent Control

Scholak

Brumer

2017

Advances in Chemical Physics

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Developments in the foundations of quantum mechanics have identified several attributes and tests associated with the "quantumness" of systems, including entanglement, nonlocality, quantum erasure, Bell test, etc.. Here we introduce and utilize these tools to examine the role of quantum coherence and nonclassical effects in 1 vs. N photon coherent phase control, a paradigm for an all-optical method for manipulating molecular dynamics. In addition, truly quantum control scenarios are introduced and examined. The approach adopted here serves as a template for studies of the role of quantum mechanics in other coherent control and optimal control scenarios.

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“…In principle, the theorem just states a conflict between two descriptions of the world: QM and local HV models. However, the proof of Bell's theorem by means of an inequality involving correlations between measurements on distant systems, which is satisfied by any local HV model, but is violated by some quantum predictions [8], allows us to take a step further and test whether the world itself can be described by local HV models [9][10][11][12][13]. More recently, a similar approach has been used to test whether the world can be reproduced with some specific nonlocal HV models [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility and noncontextuality for sequential measurements

et al. 2010

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A basic assumption behind the inequalities used for testing noncontextual hidden variable models is that the observables measured on the same individual system are perfectly compatible. However, compatibility is not perfect in actual experiments using sequential measurements. We discuss the resulting "compatibility loophole" and present several methods to rule out certain hidden variable models that obey a kind of extended noncontextuality. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of experimental imperfections in a recent trapped-ion experiment and apply our analysis to that case.

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Bell Inequality Violation with Two Remote Atomic Qubits

Cited by 343 publications

References 37 publications

Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption

Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption

An Approach To “Quantumness” In Coherent Control

Compatibility and noncontextuality for sequential measurements

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