Beiträge zur experimentellen Pathologie und Therapie der Syphilis mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Impf-Syphilis der Kaninchen

Uhlenhuth, P.; Mulzer, Paul

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-26623-6

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The resistance of the two species to various infections is different: only the rabbit can be infected with myxomatosis virus and only the hare can be infected with Pasteurella tularensis. In vivo (1) and experimental (15,16) treponematosis of rabbits is well known and has been widely studied. To our knowledge, the pathogenicity of Treponema pallidum in hares has not been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental syphilis and serological examination for treponematosis in hares

Horváth¹,

Kemenes²,

Molnár³

et al. 1980

Infect Immun

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Of 202 captive hares studied, many of which had lesions on their external genital organs or testicular atrophy or both, 27% had positive serological tests for syphilis although dark-field examination of extracts of atrophic testes was negative. A total of 12 hares that were nonreactive for the serological test for syphilis was inoculated with Treponema pallidum, 9 intratesticularly and 3 intradermally. Six of the animals inoculated intratesticularly exhibited orchitis after 7 days with an associated accumulation of treponemes. No chancres developed in the intracutaneously inoculated animals during a 27-day period of observation. These results provide additional evidence to support the contention that endemic treponematosis occurs in wild hares and suggest that hares are moderately resistant to experimental infection with T. pallidum.

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confidence: 99%

Experimental syphilis and serological examination for treponematosis in hares

Horváth¹,

Kemenes²,

Molnár³

et al. 1980

Infect Immun

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“…As indicated earlier, numerous attempts have been made to infect the rabbit fetus (4,16,19,26,27,33,40,53) and have led some investigators to the conclusion that fetal rabbits are innately resistant to T. pallidurn infection (16,26,33). Further, it has been concluded that a rapid loss of this fetal resistance occurs at birth based upon the appearance of "typical" lesions among some but not all neonates following inoculation at various ages (26,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of a satisfactory and reproducible experimental rabbit model has precluded studies on the pathogenesis and immunology of both the congenital and neonatal disease. Conflicting results have been reported by investigators who have attempted to demonstrate transmission of the disease from infected pregnant does to their offspring (4,16,19,26,27,33,40,53). Data comparison of these studies is hampered by differences in experimental design, including the time, route, and dose of inoculations of T. pallidurn suspensions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Neonatal Syphilis. I. Evidence of Resistance to Symptomatic Infection in Neonatal Rabbits following Intradermal Inoculation with Treponema pallidum (Nichols Strain)

Gamboa

Miller

1984

Pediatric Research

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ranging from 1 to 7 weeks of age. Five-week-old (31-36 days) neonates demonstrated waning resistance by the appearance of typically ulcerative, progressive lesions, though their parameters (duration, size) were not yet those of adult control lesions. The resistance demonstrated by neonates may be due in part to group housing (nesting) which could create unfavorable temperatures for T. pallidum survival; comparison of lesion development between nesting and individually housed neonates, 31 to 46 days of age, revealed a greater percentage of typical lesions developing among those individually housed (95 versus 52%). However, these differences may reflect the variability of typical lesion develop ment found among animals of this age when resistance begins to wane. In both groups, the duration of typical lesions was significantly shorter than for adult controls. A heat-stable serum factor(~) was demonstrated in 19 of 20 basal sera from neonates 4 to 6 days of age; this presented another possible mechanism of resistance. The neutralizing serum factor(s) was not demonstrable in the sera of does either before mating, during gestation, or shortly after kindling. The relationship of temperature, serum 1 966 GAMBOA AND MILLER factors, and nutritional factors to neonatal resistance following infection, which begins to subside as the animal reaches 5 weeks intradermal inoculation with T. pallidurn is discussed.of age. The potential influences of nesting and serum neutralizing factors upon resistance are advanced. Abbreviations W R L , Venereal Disease Research Laboratory NRS, nonimmune rabbit serum IRS, immune rabbit serum Micro-NZ, microneutralizationThe advent of penicillin therapy brought about a dramatic reduction in the incidence of congenital syphilis (12,34,39). However, the decline in both the use of routine screening procedures and physicians' training programs has resulted in the reemergence ofthis form of the disease as a public health problem (2, l I, 34, 38, 46, 49, 50, 60). Despite this problem, little is known about the interacting events associated with the organism and host which determine infectivity. Since the recognition of congenital syphilis as a distinct clinical entity, it has been generally accepted that treponemes cross the placenta only after the 4th month of gestation, at a time when the Langhans cell layer (cytotrophoblast) becomes atrophied (20). Recent evidence, however, indicates that treponemes can be found in conceptus material obtained during the first trimester (21). Silverstein and Lukes (43) and Silverstein (42) have suggested that infection during early gestation may go undetected due to the absence of an inflammatory reaction attributed to the immaturity of the fetal immune system. The introduction of Treponerna pallidurn from an infected mother to fetus may result in either a fulminating fatal disease, latency, or the absence of infection; factors which influence the outcome are not understood. The lack of a satisfactory and reproducible experimental rabbit model has precluded stud...

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“…That the testicle of the rabbit affords a favorable site for the multiplication of parasitic micro6rganisms can be inferred from the experiments of Parodi (15) and later of Uhlenhuth and Mulzer (16) with Treponema pallidum, of Nichols (17) with Treponema pertenue, and of a host of later workers with Treponema pallidum (18). I therefore turned my attention to the cultivation of pure strains of vaccine virus in the rabbit's testicle.…”

Section: Plates 39 To 5~mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure Cultivation in Vivo of Vaccine Virus Free From Bacteria

Noguchi

1915

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Vaccine virus freed from all associated bacteria by means of suitable disinfecting agents can be propagated in a pure state in the testicles of rabbits and bulls. The virus cultivated in this manner is not only devoid of all bacteria, but appears capable of indefinite transfer from one animal to another. Sixty passages in rabbits of a pure strain have been made within one year. Several transfers from testicle to testicle are required to bring about accurate adaptation of the virus to the testicular parenchyma, so that continued propagation in this way can be certainly secured. During the first transfers from testicle to testicle the activity of the virus may be less than the original skin specimen from which the pure strain was derived; but as the transfers proceed the activity rises until, when the adaptation is complete, the activity of the testicular equals that of the skin strain. The multiplication of the virus within the testicle is maximum on the fourth or fifth day after inoculation; the quantity of virus remains about stationary until the eighth day, when diminution begins. At the expiration of five weeks no more virus could be detected in the testicle. The vaccinal processes in the skin, cornea, and testicle of rabbits are practically identical whether the virus employed for the inoculation has been the original skin strain or the pure testicular strain; and the skin lesions produced in the calf with the two strains are also identical. In conformity with the finding mentioned in the last paragraph it has been found that human beings react to the pure testicular strain of vaccine virus in an entirely typical manner. In the case both of original vaccination and revaccination the vaccinal effects cannot be distinguished from those arising from uncomplicated skin virus. Pure strains of testicular virus are readily produced, and once secured they may be propagated in a pure state by the method described in rabbits or bulls without difficulty and with economy. The pure strains thus obtained should supply an ideal form of virus for employment in the vaccination of human beings.

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Beiträge zur experimentellen Pathologie und Therapie der Syphilis mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Impf-Syphilis der Kaninchen

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental syphilis and serological examination for treponematosis in hares

Experimental syphilis and serological examination for treponematosis in hares

Experimental Neonatal Syphilis. I. Evidence of Resistance to Symptomatic Infection in Neonatal Rabbits following Intradermal Inoculation with Treponema pallidum (Nichols Strain)

Pure Cultivation in Vivo of Vaccine Virus Free From Bacteria

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