Being overweight in childhood, puberty, or early adulthood: Changing asthma risk in the next generation?

Johannessen, Ane; Lønnebotn, Marianne; Calciano, Lucia; Benediktsdóttir, Bryndís; Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Bråbäck, Lennart; Dharmage, Shyamali C.; Franklin, Karl A.; Gíslason, Þórarinn; Holm, Mathias; Janson, Christer; Jarvis, Déborah; Jõgi, Rain; Kim, Jeong Lim; Kirkeleit, Jorunn; Lodge, Caroline; Malinovschi, Andreï; Martínez-Moratalla, Jesús; Nilsen, Roy Miodini; Pereira‐Vega, Antonio; Real, Francisco Gómez; Schlünssen, Vivi; Accordini, Simone; Svanes, Cecilie

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.030

Cited by 21 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As such, our results may reflect the influence of multiple pathways and the complex interplay between genetics, biology, behaviour, and environment, potentially involved in the aetiology of obesity [ 47 , 48 ]. These multifactorial aspects may also explain why our results contrast from previous studies related to offspring asthma outcomes in the RHINESSA, RHINE and ECRHS cohorts, where the fathers’ pubertal and adolescent years specifically have been shown to constitute an important time window for transmission of paternal lineage exposures [ 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…However, other epidemiological studies have reported adverse offspring outcomes related to paternal exposures in pre-puberty/puberty. Analyses of the RHINESSA, RHINE and ECRHS cohorts found that asthma was more common in offspring with fathers who were obese in puberty [22], as well as in offspring with fathers who smoked in adolescent years [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parents’ smoking onset before conception as related to body mass index and fat mass in adult offspring: Findings from the RHINESSA generation study

et al. 2020

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Emerging evidence suggests that parents' preconception exposures may influence offspring health. We aimed to investigate maternal and paternal smoking onset in specific time windows in relation to offspring body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI). We investigated fathers (n = 2111) and mothers (n = 2569) aged 39-65 years, of the population based RHINE and ECRHS studies, and their offspring aged 18-49 years (n = 6487, mean age 29.6 years) who participated in the RHINESSA study. BMI was calculated from selfreported height and weight, and FMI was estimated from bioelectrical impedance measures in a subsample. Associations with parental smoking were analysed with generalized linear regression adjusting for parental education and clustering by study centre and family. Interactions between offspring sex were analysed, as was mediation by parental pack years, parental BMI, offspring smoking and offspring birthweight. Fathers' smoking onset before conception of the offspring (onset �15 years) was associated with higher BMI in the offspring when adult (β 0.551, 95%CI: 0.174-0.929, p = 0.004). Mothers' preconception and postnatal smoking onset was associated with higher offspring BMI (onset <15 years:

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ smoking onset before conception as related to body mass index and fat mass in adult offspring: Findings from the RHINESSA generation study

et al. 2020

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“…This uncertainty was heightened by the fact that several early studies were cross‐sectional in design or had short follow‐up. Nevertheless, subsequent cohort studies and meta‐analyses have largely supported findings from previous studies, indicating that obesity and measures of adiposity are associated with incident asthma and its clinical outcomes . In studies on weight loss, based on behavioural changes and surgical interventions, obese asthma patients who lose weight may have considerable improvements …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The increase in asthma during the second half of the past century paralleled key lifestyle changes, including a rise in obesity . Studies in children and adults have consistently shown obesity to be a risk factor for asthma . However, it is unclear whether obesity is a cause or consequence of asthma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal BMI change and adult‐onset asthma in men: Population‐based cohort study in Sweden

Nwaru

Ohlsson

Bygdell

et al. 2019

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Background:The role of pubertal BMI change in adult-onset concomitant asthma and allergic rhinitis is unknown. Objective:We investigated the association of childhood and young adult BMI, and pubertal BMI changes with adult-onset asthma, allergic rhinitis, and concomitant asthma and rhinitis in Swedish men. Methods:The BMI Epidemiology Study in Gothenburg, Sweden, comprised of height and weight measures taken from school health records (6.5-9.5 years) and during military conscription (17.5-22 years) for all men born 1945-1961 (n = 37 652). Ageadjusted childhood BMI centred at 8 years and young adult BMI at 20 years were linked to high quality data on asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnoses from the Swedish National Patient Register.Findings: High BMI (4th quartile vs the two median quartiles) at 8 years was associated with increased risk of concomitant asthma and allergic rhinitis (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.00-2.11). Overweight (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.12-1.89) and obesity (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.08-3.54) at 20 years were associated with increased risk of asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis as main or auxiliary diagnosis. Pubertal BMI change showed a non-linear association, so that both low (1st quartile vs the two median quartiles) and high pubertal BMI changes were associated with increased risk of asthma (low: HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.68; high: HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07-1.63) and asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis (low: HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04-1.69; high: HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.07-1.74) as a main diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Both low and high pubertal BMI changes are predictors of adult-onset asthma in men, particularly asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis. Primary prevention of adult-onset asthma requires monitoring of changes in BMI during puberty. K E Y W O R D Sallergic rhinitis, asthma, body mass index, cohort study, men, obesity, pubertal BMI change, Sweden

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“…Emerging research suggests that even preconception exposures may be of relevance, and that epigenetic mechanisms may be at play across generations [ 24 ]. Recent studies have found that father’s smoking and overweight onset in adolescence was associated with higher asthma risk in their future offspring [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], suggesting vulnerable time windows many years before conception of offspring. There are, however, no studies investigating such intergenerational effects of exposures to air pollution and greenness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever

Kuiper

Markevych

Accordini

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We investigated if greenness and air pollution exposure in parents’ childhood affect offspring asthma and hay fever, and if effects were mediated through parental asthma, pregnancy greenness/pollution exposure, and offspring exposure. We analysed 1106 parents with 1949 offspring (mean age 35 and 6) from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) (µg/m3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were calculated for parents 0–18 years old and offspring 0–10 years old, and were categorised in tertiles. We performed logistic regression and mediation analyses for two-pollutant models (clustered by family and centre, stratified by parental lines, and adjusted for grandparental asthma and education). Maternal medium PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with higher offspring asthma risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95%CI 1.32–3.78, OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.36–3.80), and paternal high BC exposure with lower asthma risk (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.11–0.87). Hay fever risk increased for offspring of fathers with medium O3 exposure (OR 4.15, 95%CI 1.28–13.50) and mothers with high PM10 exposure (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.19–5.91). The effect of maternal PM10 exposure on offspring asthma was direct, while for hay fever, it was mediated through exposures in pregnancy and offspring’s own exposures. Paternal O3 exposure had a direct effect on offspring hay fever. To conclude, parental exposure to air pollution appears to influence the risk of asthma and allergies in future offspring.

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Being overweight in childhood, puberty, or early adulthood: Changing asthma risk in the next generation?

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Parents’ smoking onset before conception as related to body mass index and fat mass in adult offspring: Findings from the RHINESSA generation study

Parents’ smoking onset before conception as related to body mass index and fat mass in adult offspring: Findings from the RHINESSA generation study

Pubertal BMI change and adult‐onset asthma in men: Population‐based cohort study in Sweden

Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever

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