Being Bullied Is Associated With Depression Among Malaysian Adolescents: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia

Razak, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Aziz, Fazly Azry Abd; Jamaluddin, Rasidah; Sidik, Sherina Mohd; Awaluddin, S Maria; Ibrahim, Nurashikin; Tan, LeeAnn; Sooryanarayana, Rajini

doi:10.1177/1010539519867796

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In this study, OVAs aged 13–17 years in Nepal who had been bullied were more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who were not bullied. This finding is supported by other studies [ 46 , 47 ] that reported that bullied children or adolescents were more likely to develop depression than those who were not. Adolescents who are bullied are more likely to experience frustration and suffer from abuse, and they are more likely to eventually develop depression [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This finding is supported by other studies [ 46 , 47 ] that reported that bullied children or adolescents were more likely to develop depression than those who were not. Adolescents who are bullied are more likely to experience frustration and suffer from abuse, and they are more likely to eventually develop depression [ 47 ]. Coggan et al [ 48 ] reported that bullied children have lower self-esteem, increased emotional dysregulation, stress and hopelessness, and are more likely to attempt self-harm and suicide than others who are predisposed to depression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable adolescents in childcare homes in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background Orphans and vulnerable adolescents (OVAs) living in child care homes (CCHs) are vulnerable to depressive symptoms due to a poor environment and a lack of receiving good care and love from their parents. This study aimed to estimate the presence of depressive symptoms and determine factors associated with it among OVAs living in CCHs in Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the information from OVAs aged 13–17 years living in 22 CCHs from five districts of Nepal. The CCHs were selected by a simple random method. A validated questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess depressive symptoms among the participants. Those with mild to severe BDI-II scores were defined as having clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to detect associations between variables at the significance level α = 0.05. Results A total of 602 adolescents participated in the study; 51.0% were females, the average age was 14.7 years, and 32.2% were members of indigenous groups. The overall presence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms was 33.2%. After controlling for all potential confounding factors, five factors were found to be associated with depress among OVAs. Females were 1.96 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than males (95% CI = 1.36–2.83). Those adolescents who used alcohol were 3.42 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who did not (95% CI = 1.16–10.12). Those who had health problems were 2.00 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who did not (95% CI = 1.36–2.94). Those who had low social support were 1.81 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who had high social support (95% CI = 1.08–3.03), and those who had been bullied were 1.97 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who were not bullied (95% CI = 1.23–3.15). Conclusion The magnitude of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in adolescents living in CCHs was found to be high in Nepal. There is an urgent need for effective intervention to curtail this problem among OVAs in CCHs in Nepal, with a focus on females, alcohol users, those with physical health problems and with less social support, and those who are bullied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable adolescents in childcare homes in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, it is highlighted that depression can lead to other serious psychological issues (Razak et al . 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Community Therapy – interventive strategies in the reduction of depression symptoms in adolescents: A quasi‐experimental study

Alves

Felipe

Moreira

2021

Int J Mental Health Nurs

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Integrative Community Therapy on depression symptoms in adolescents in the school context. This is a quantitative, quasi‐experimental, pre‐, and post‐test study that compared depression scores before and after the Integrative Community Therapy intervention was applied, conducted with 56 adolescent students. The guidelines recommended by the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence were used to present this study. The instruments used for data collection were the following: Participants' characterization, Economic Classification, and the Children's Depression Inventory. This depression inventory was applied before and after the intervention was carried out. Most of the participants presented depressive symptoms (53.6%). Girls presented higher depression scores and were more likely to develop depression; to be working proved to be a protective factor for depression and adolescents with depression symptoms presented a higher proportion of suicidal ideation. The analysis of the depression variable indicated a reduction of the scores in the post‐intervention period; however, in the gender analysis, there was a reduction in the depression scores only for the girls. The Integrative Community Therapy was an effective intervention in reducing depression scores, being a relevant strategy for healthcare services and schools in assisting adolescents to deal with their emotions, mitigate psycho‐emotional suffering, and contribute as a support tool in the context of vulnerabilities inherent to the process of becoming an adolescent.

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“…The results of previous studies related to the negative effects arising from bullying behavior more on mental and emotional disorders, such as anxiety, mental-emotional disorders, behavioral disorders, stress, and depression. 11 , 26 - 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each response filled by respondents will be given a score with a range of 0 to 3. The categorization of depression with BDI-II is done by looking at the scores obtained, namely: no depression (0-13), mild depression (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), moderate depression (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and severe depression . In this study, the depression variable was divided into 2 categories: suffering from depression if the results of the respondents' assessment were mild-severe, and not depressed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullying as a Risk Factor of Depression on Undergraduate Health Students

Setiadi¹,

Arsyawina²,

Kalsum³

et al. 2021

Global Pediatric Health

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Depression is a serious health problem that needs to be treated early so that it does not get worse in the future. Bullying can cause a mental health problem on students. This study aims to analyze the relationship between bullying and depression among undergraduate health students. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Respondents filled out questionnaires online using the Google Form application. A total of 246 undergraduate health students participated in this study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the data. There was a relationship between bullying and the incidence of depression in undergraduate health students (AOR: 2.158 (95% CI: 1.050-4.435)) after being controlled by physical attacked, close friends, loneliness, and smartphone addiction. This study proves that bullying is a risk factor for depression. Prevention of bullying is important to prevent depression. Handling and prevention are done by involving peer support from students through peer-counselor or peer-educator programs. Students with severe depression need to be treated further through an appropriate referral system.

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Being Bullied Is Associated With Depression Among Malaysian Adolescents: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable adolescents in childcare homes in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable adolescents in childcare homes in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Integrative Community Therapy – interventive strategies in the reduction of depression symptoms in adolescents: A quasi‐experimental study

Bullying as a Risk Factor of Depression on Undergraduate Health Students

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