Behaviour in Controlling a Combination of Systems

Workload and psychological strain: A test of the French, Rodgers, and Cobb hypothesis

“…Much research has reported that overload is associated with negative reactions, such as tension, low job satisfaction, poor interpersonal relations, depression, or low self-esteem (Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek and Rosenthal, 1964;Mueller, 1965;Sales, 1970;Shaw and Weekley, 1985;Warr, 1987;Kaufmann and Beehr, 1989). Other researchers (Jackson, 1958;Miller, 1960) have found that worker output generally increases with workload up to some point, stabilizes at some 'capacity' level, and falls off sharply if workload continues to increase. If psychological well-being can be viewed as a type of output, then these latter studies mesh nicely with French's hypothesis that strain follows a curvilinear relationship to personenvironment fit.…”

Some determinants of two-dimensional visual tracking behavior.

“…Almost all of this research has been done on simple one-dimensional tasks where 5 attends to a single stimulus source with unidimensional variation of events and responds with a control system having a single dimension of movement. Recently, however, there has been more attention given to variables in the organization of complex tracking tasks having two or more stimulus sources and a corresponding number of dimensions of the control system for response to them (Charipper, 1959;Fitts & Simon, 1952;Jackson, 1958;Sweeney, Bailey, & Dowd, 1957). Uncovering relationships for these more complex systems should proceed at a good rate because the research will be grounded in a matrix of knowledge about the one-dimensional component tasks that comprise the whole.…”

Perceptual-Psychomotor Tests in Aircrew Selection: Historical Review and Advanced Concepts

“…(1) subjects seem to respond less consistently to more complex tests, Fleishman (1953b) and Adams (1956) Jackson (1958) emphasizes that a pilot is continuously being presented with variable information which requires perception and manipulation of specific controls and that several tasks must be accomplished concurrently. Conrad (1951a) further emphasizes the integrative and complex approach in the statement that behavior must be determined by the perception of a series of concurrent stimuli to the same and different sensory modes.…”