Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: A review

Rahman, Mokhlesur; Peldszus, Sigrid; Anderson, William B.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.045

Cited by 705 publications

(418 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…These data clearly confirm that chlorine-based oxidants are ineffective for PFAS removal (Rahman et al 2014).…”

Section: Concentrations In Drinking Water Resources and In Treated Watersupporting

confidence: 73%

The impact of two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities on downstream contamination of a river and drinking water resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Bach¹,

Boiteux²,

Colin³

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants that have been detected in the environment, biota, and humans. Drinking water is a route of exposure for populations consuming water contaminated by PFAS discharges. This research study reports environmental measurement concentrations, mass flows, and the fate of dozens of PFASs in a river receiving effluents from two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities. In addition to quantified levels of PFASs using LC-and GC-MS analytical methods, the total amount of unidentified PFASs and precursors was assessed using two complementary analytical methods, absorbable organic fluorine (AOF) determination and oxidative conversion of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) precursors. Several dozen samples were collected in the river (water and sediment) during four sampling campaigns. In addition, samples were collected in two well fields and from the outlet of the drinking water treatment plants after chlorination. We estimated that 4295 kg PFHxA, 1487 kg 6:2FTSA, 965 kg PFNA, 307 kg PFUnDA, and 14 kg PFOA were discharged in the river by the two facilities in 2013. High concentrations (up to 176 ng/g dw) of odd long-chain PFASs (PFUnDA and PFTrDA) were found in sediment samples. PFASs were detected in all 15 wells, with concentrations varying based on the location of the well in the field. Additionally, the presence of previously discharged PFASs was still measurable. Significant discrepancies between PFAS concentration profiles in the wells and in the river suggest an accumulation and transformation of PFCA precursors in the aquifer. Chlorination had no removal efficiency and no unidentified PFASs were detected in the treated water with either complementary analytical method. Although the total PFAS concentrations were high in the treated water, ranging from 86 to 169 ng/L, they did not exceed the currently available guideline values.

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“…These data clearly confirm that chlorine-based oxidants are ineffective for PFAS removal (Rahman et al 2014).…”

Section: Concentrations In Drinking Water Resources and In Treated Watersupporting

confidence: 73%

The impact of two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities on downstream contamination of a river and drinking water resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Bach¹,

Boiteux²,

Colin³

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Most compounds in the influent and effluent of plant A were found almost at the same levels, suggesting that biodegradation in activated sludge process and UV degradation played negligible role in their removal. This can be explained by the structures of PFCAs and PFSAs containing strong CeF bond and the electron withdrawing functional groups eCOOH and eSO 3 H, also indicating that these compounds will be likely resistant to oxidation, biodegradation, and reaction by hydroxyl radicals (Rahman et al, 2014). Plant B consists of conventional A 2 O combined with advanced MBR process, of which the MBR removed approximately 49% for PFOA, 55% for PFNA and 56% for PFDA, respectively; in contrast the removal of the short chain PFASs was very limited.…”

Section: Removal Efficiencies and Mechanisms Of Pfass In Wwtps And Dwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants: Removal efficiency and exposure risk

2016

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“…Based on the review, existing knowledge gaps are identified, and future research directions are proposed in this study. This paper is complementary to previous publications on PFASs that reviewed physiochemical properties (Ding and Peijnenburg 2013;Buck et al 2011), microbial degradation (Liu and Avendano 2013), occurrence and fate in aquatic environment (Ahrens 2011), drinking water treatment processes (Rahman, Peldszus, and Anderson 2014) and WWTPs (Arvaniti and Stasinakis 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Role of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in environmental cycling of poly- and perfluoroalkyl (PFAS) compounds

Hamid¹,

2016

Ecocycles

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Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: A review

Cited by 705 publications

References 114 publications

The impact of two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities on downstream contamination of a river and drinking water resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

The impact of two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities on downstream contamination of a river and drinking water resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants: Removal efficiency and exposure risk

Role of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in environmental cycling of poly- and perfluoroalkyl (PFAS) compounds

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