Behavioral Tasks Evaluating Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in Animal Models: A Recent Update

Ang, Mary Jasmin; Lee, Sueun; Kim, Jong-Choon; Kim, S.; Moon, Changjong

doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200814175114

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 245 publications

(436 reference statements)

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“…The Force Swimming Test (FST) was conducted by placing the rats in cylindrical tanks partially filled with water, and the immobilization time gets measured 14 . The Tail Suspension Test (TST) was conducted by hanging the rat tails with tape, and the time of each mouse moving get measured 15 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti Depression Potential of Papaya Seed Extracts in Wistar Rat Models

Ardila¹,

Nasution²,

Wardhani³

et al. 2021

J. Teknol. Laboratorium

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of papaya seed extract as an antidepressant based on body weight, glucose levels, Interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde levels in treated rats. Force swimming and tail suspension tests have been conducted to measure acute stress and evaluate response behavior. Results showed that the higher concentration of papaya seed extract correlates to higher effectivity on reducing body weight and lowering glucose levels. Dose-response relationships were also observed on the inhibition effect of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde more effective at higher extract concentrations. The experimental force swimming test and tail suspension test showed the positive effect of extract administration indicated by the shorter immobilization time. Gas chromatography analysis has confirmed the bioactive content in the extract. The main compounds such as; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester, Benzyl nitrile, Hexadecanoic acid- methyl ester, and other saponins might be responsible for the antidepressant effects of papaya seed extract. This research encourages further studies on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and biomolecules analysis at cellular levels.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti Depression Potential of Papaya Seed Extracts in Wistar Rat Models

Ardila¹,

Nasution²,

Wardhani³

et al. 2021

J. Teknol. Laboratorium

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“…MK-801 is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonist and the NMDAR hypofunction models employing MK-801 are commonly-used schizophrenic animal models (Ang et al, 2021). The drug administration initiated after 1-week habituation.…”

Section: Drug Administration Regimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 and TWIST1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways mediated by microRNA-25-3p are altered in the schizophrenic rat brain

Pan

Zhu²,

Han³

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Schizophrenia is a group of severe mental disorders. MiR-25-3p was shown to be involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases and can regulate SIK1 and TWIST1. The CRTC2/CREB1 and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways are downstream pathways of SIK1 and TWIST1, respectively. This study investigated whether miR-25-3p-mediated SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 and TWIST1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways are present in an animal model relevant to schizophrenia. A schizophrenic rat model was established by using sub-chronic MK-801 administration. An RNA-seq test was performed to examine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). The mRNA levels of miR-25-3p, SIK1, and TWIST in the PFC and caudate putamen (CPu) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Phosphorylation of the SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 and TWIST1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways in the two brain regions was examined by Western blots. The RNA-seq data revealed down-regulated miR-25-3p expression and up-regulated SIK1 and TWIST1 mRNA expression induced by MK-801. Additionally, SIK1 and TWIST1 were shown to be possible downstream responders of miR-25-3p in previous studies. qRT-PCR confirmed the changes of miR-25-3p, SIK1, and TWIST1 induced by MK-801 in both brain regions, which, however, was reversed by risperidone. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of the SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 pathway was repressed by MK-801, whereas the phosphorylation of the TWIST1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway was increased by MK-801 in either of the two brain regions. Moreover, the altered phosphorylation of these two signaling pathways induced by MK-801 can be restored by risperidone. In conclusion, this study suggests that altered SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 and TWIST1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways mediated by miR-25-3p is very likely to be associated with schizophrenia, revealing potential targets for the treatment and clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia.

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“…A promising approach to identify and better understand diverse schizophrenia symptoms in humans has been to investigate behavioral phenotypes in animal models of the disease[ 84 ]. Although numerous animal models of schizophrenia have been introduced so far, only a few of these have accounted for the role of PAs and their metabolites.…”

Section: Pa In Animal Models Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and polyamine-metabolizing enzymes in schizophrenia: Current knowledge and concepts of therapy

Bernstein¹,

Keilhoff²,

Laube³

et al. 2021

WJP

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Polyamines play preeminent roles in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs. A large body of evidence suggests that the polyamine pathway is prominently involved in the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia. Alterations in the expression and activity of polyamine metabolizing enzymes, as well as changes in the levels of the individual polyamines, their precursors and derivatives, have been measured in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease. Additionally, neuroleptic treatment has been shown to influence polyamine concentrations in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia. Thus, the polyamine system may appear to be a promising target for neuropharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. However, for a number of practical reasons there is currently only limited hope for a polyamine-based schizophrenia therapy.

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Behavioral Tasks Evaluating Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in Animal Models: A Recent Update

Cited by 24 publications

References 245 publications

Anti Depression Potential of Papaya Seed Extracts in Wistar Rat Models

Anti Depression Potential of Papaya Seed Extracts in Wistar Rat Models

The SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 and TWIST1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways mediated by microRNA-25-3p are altered in the schizophrenic rat brain

Polyamines and polyamine-metabolizing enzymes in schizophrenia: Current knowledge and concepts of therapy

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