Behavioral sensitization to cocaine after a brief social stress is accompanied by changes in Fos expression in the murine brainstem

Nikulina, Ella M.; Marchand, James E.; Kream, Richard M.; Miczek, Klaus A.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00925-1

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For example, stress is reported to activate immediate early gene expression, and these immediate early genes, like c-fos, are believed to activate other genes and thus regulate aspects of cell structure and function (Imaki et al 1992;Mansi et al 1998;Melia et al 1994;Nikulina et al 1998;Watanabe et al 1994).…”

Section: The Relationships Of Genetics To Stress and Allostatic Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology

McEwen

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

1,440

994

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The primary hormonal mediators of the stress response, glucocorticoids and catecholamines, have both protective and damaging effects on the body. In the short run, they are essential for adaptation, maintenance of homeostasis, and survival (allostasis). Yet, over longer time intervals, they exact a cost (allostatic load) that can accelerate disease processes. The concepts of allostasis and allostatic load center around the brain as interpreter and responder to environmental challenges and as a target of those challenges. In anxiety disorders, depressive illness, hostile and aggressive states, substance abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), allostatic load takes the form of chemical imbalances as well as perturbations in the diurnal rhythm, and, in some cases, atrophy of brain structures. In addition, growing evidence indicates that depressive illness and hostility are both associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other systemic disorders. A major risk factor for these conditions is early childhood experiences of abuse and neglect that increase allostatic load later in life and lead individuals into social isolation, hostility, depression, and conditions like extreme obesity and CVD. Animal models support the notion of lifelong influences of early experience on stress hormone reactivity. Whereas, depression and childhood abuse and neglect tend to be more prevalent in individuals at the lower end of the socioeconomic ladder, cardiovascular and other diseases follow a gradient across the full range of socioeconomic status (SES).Diagnosable mental disorders affect approximately 22% of the adult US population in any given year, and the costs associated with treating these disorders was estimated almost a decade ago to be $74 billion, with an additional estimated indirect cost of the same magnitude for lost productivity. Clearly, the total costs are much greater now as we approach the year 2000! Affective and anxiety disorders are estimated to account for almost half of the cost burden of these disorders (Rupp et al. 1998). Stress plays a role in mental disorders, as both a causal factor and an outcome of disordered thought and disrupted interpersonal relationships (for discussion of major depression in this regard, see Kessler 1997).In spite of the wide-spread recognition of these relationships, medical science has been struggling for decades to understand the relationship between stress and disease. Stress may be defined as a threat, real or implied, to the psychological or physiological integrity of an individual. However, the widespread use of the term "stress" in popular culture has made this word a very ambiguous term to describe the ways in which the body copes with psychosocial, environmental, and physical challenges. One reason for this ambiguity is that the subjective experience of stress does not always Received June 27, 1999; revised September 28, 1999; accepted September 30, 1999. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2000 -VOL . 22 , NO . 2 Allostasis and Allostatic Load 109 predict the ele...

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Section: The Relationships Of Genetics To Stress and Allostatic Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology

McEwen

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

1,440

994

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“…For instance, acute or repeated SD typically cross sensitizes animals to cocaine-and amphetamine-induced locomotion (Nikulina et al, 1998;Marrow et al, 1999;Miczek et al, 1999b;Covington and Miczek, 2001;Nikulina et al, 2004;Boyson et al, 2011;de Jong et al, 2005;Yap et al, 2005;Yap and Miczek, 2007;Dietz et al, 2008;Quadros and Miczek, 2009). In rats bred for low responsivity to amphetamine-induced locomotion, SD cross-sensitizes these animals to acute amphetamineinduced hyperactivity such that these rats do not differ from rats bred for high responsivity to amphetamine (Dietz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Psychosocial Influences and Abused Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences and Social Influences on the Neurobehavioral Pharmacology of Abused Drugs

2013

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“…Social defeat stress induces long-lasting adaptations in the VTA as measured by the expression of immediate early genes (Nikulina et al 1998. Behaviorally, intermittent episodes of social defeat or amphetamine, and this particular exposure to social defeat also intensifies cocaine self-administration behavior during a progressive ratio schedule, and during conditions of extended binge-like access .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMDA receptors in the rat VTA: a critical site for social stress to intensify cocaine taking

et al. 2007

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Rationale-Cocaine strengthens behaviors associated with its administration. The stress response by individuals that are defeated in a brief aggressive confrontation can also promote enduring behavioral consequences similar to those of stimulants.Objectives-The study intends to find whether intermittent episodes of defeat promote cocaine's reinforcing effects by triggering N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-receptor-mediated plasticity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).Materials and methods-Long-Evans rats were investigated after four social defeats in three experiments. Two experiments examined systemic or intra-VTA antagonism of NMDA receptors during stress on the later expression of behavioral sensitization and cocaine self-administration during fixed and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement (0.3 mg/kg/infusion), including a novel 24-h variable-dose continuous access binge (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg/infusion, delivered in an irregular sequence). Third, the expression of receptor proteins NR1 (NMDA) and GluR1 [alphaamino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)] were examined in VTA and nucleus accumbens.Results-Intermittent defeats augment locomotor responses to cocaine and increase cocaine taking. Rates of responding during binges are increased after defeat stress. These effects are prevented when NMDA or AMPA receptor antagonists are administered before defeats. VTA infusions of the NMDA antagonist AP-5 (5 nmol/side) before stress prevents locomotor sensitization to cocaine and

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Behavioral sensitization to cocaine after a brief social stress is accompanied by changes in Fos expression in the murine brainstem

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology

Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology

Individual Differences and Social Influences on the Neurobehavioral Pharmacology of Abused Drugs

NMDA receptors in the rat VTA: a critical site for social stress to intensify cocaine taking

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