Behavioral, physiological, and neural signatures of surprise during naturalistic sports viewing

Antony, James W.; Hartshorne, Thomas H.; Pomeroy, Ken; Gureckis, Todd M.; Hasson, Uri; McDougle, Samuel D.; Norman, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1101/2020.03.26.008714

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In that experiment, participants were periodically asked to rate their boredom, and the authors found that this measure was inversely correlated with changes in prediction errors, a proxy for the amount of information being acquired in the task the dynamics of which, in turn, differed between conditions according to what could be learned. A similar relationship between prediction error and boredom has been measured in Antony et al (2020).…”

Section: Empirical Findingssupporting

confidence: 74%

The Temporal Dynamics of Opportunity Costs: A Normative Account of Cognitive Fatigue and Boredom

Agrawal

Mattar

Cohen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cognitive fatigue and boredom are two phenomenological states widely associated with limitations in cognitive control. In this paper, we present a rational analysis of the temporal structure of controlled behavior, which provides a new framework for providing a formal account of these phenomena. We suggest that in controlling behavior, the brain faces competing behavioral and computational imperatives, and must balance them by tracking their opportunity costs over time. We use this analysis to flesh out previous suggestions that feelings associated with subjective effort, like cognitive fatigue and boredom, are the phenomenological counterparts of these opportunity cost measures, rather then reflecting the depletion of resources as has often been assumed. Specifically, we propose that both fatigue and boredom reflect the competing value of particular options that require foregoing immediate reward but can improve future performance: Fatigue reflects the value of offline computation (internal to the organism) to improve future decisions, while boredom signals the value of exploratory actions (external in the world) to gather information. We demonstrate that these accounts provide a mechanistically explicit and parsimonious account for a wide array of findings related to cognitive control, integrating and reimagining them under a single, formally rigorous framework.

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Section: Empirical Findingssupporting

confidence: 74%

The Temporal Dynamics of Opportunity Costs: A Normative Account of Cognitive Fatigue and Boredom

Agrawal

Mattar

Cohen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In sum, our choice of the spatial aperture of large functional networks is well tuned to highlight the transition from resting-state dynamics to those evoked by movie immersion. Alternative approaches reveal other complex features of these rich neuronal dynamics, including the role of state transitions in scene completion 58,59 , narrative segmentation 60 , and memory encoding 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movie viewing elicits rich and reliable brain state dynamics

et al. 2020

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Adaptive brain function requires that sensory impressions of the social and natural milieu are dynamically incorporated into intrinsic brain activity. While dynamic switches between brain states have been well characterised in resting state acquisitions, the remodelling of these state transitions by engagement in naturalistic stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of brain states, as measured in fMRI, are reshaped from predominantly bistable transitions between two relatively indistinct states at rest, toward a sequence of well-defined functional states during movie viewing whose transitions are temporally aligned to specific features of the movie. The expression of these brain states covaries with different physiological states and reflects subjectively rated engagement in the movie. In sum, a data-driven decoding of brain states reveals the distinct reshaping of functional network expression and reliable state transitions that accompany the switch from resting state to perceptual immersion in an ecologically valid sensory experience.

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“…Future investigations should determine whether the correspondence of hippocampal activity at event boundaries with memory for preceding and subsequent events reflects one common, underlying process (e.g. updating representations in response to high prediction error; Antony et al, 2020;Bein et al, 2020;Franklin et al, 2020;Lu et al, 2020;Sinclair et al, 2020) or two overlapping processes (e.g. memory storage vs retrieval).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building bridges: the hippocampus constructs narrative memories across distant events

Cohn‐Sheehy¹,

Delarazan²,

Reagh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryRecent studies have suggested that activity in the hippocampus is increased during divisions between events in memory, or “event boundaries.” Although hippocampal activity at event boundaries may play a role in segregating adjacent events, it might also serve a counterintuitive purpose: to bridge the divide between distant events that form a larger narrative. We used functional neuroimaging to investigate whether patterns of hippocampal activity at event boundaries support the integration of distant events in memory, when these events can form a larger narrative. During encoding of fictional stories, boundary-evoked hippocampal activity patterns were more similar between distant events that formed one coherent narrative, than between distant events from unrelated narratives. Twenty-four hours later, detailed recall of coherent narrative events was supported by the reinstatement of boundary-evoked hippocampal activity from encoding. These findings reveal a key function of the hippocampus: the dynamic integration of events into a narrative structure for memory.

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Behavioral, physiological, and neural signatures of surprise during naturalistic sports viewing

Cited by 11 publications

References 97 publications

The Temporal Dynamics of Opportunity Costs: A Normative Account of Cognitive Fatigue and Boredom

The Temporal Dynamics of Opportunity Costs: A Normative Account of Cognitive Fatigue and Boredom

Movie viewing elicits rich and reliable brain state dynamics

Building bridges: the hippocampus constructs narrative memories across distant events

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