Behavioral, physiological, and blood biochemistry of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle at different altitudes in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Susilawati I, Tasrifin DS, Salman LB, Mushawwir A. 2021. Behavioral, physiological, and blood biochemistry of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle at different altitudes in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 533-539. For dairy cows, the study of physiological aspects and those related to it is very important based on altitude. The data of this study are the main considerations to determine the ability of homeostasis, prediction of production and appropriate feed management. This study aims to examine the behavior, physiological abilities, and blood plasma biochemistry of sixty dairy cows. It was conducted using three locations in West Java Province based on topography, namely: (i) location with topography 350-500 meters above sea level (masl): Sukabumi Regency; (ii) location with topography 550-750 masl: Sumedang Regency; and (iii) locations with topography > 800 masl: Bandung Regency. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were taken accurately, using a syringe and a 5 mL tube containing EDTA, respectively. Blood sampling was taken carefully from the jugular vein of dairy cows at the beginning of every month for six sampling periods. After each collection, the whole blood was separated from the plasma directly using a centrifuge, with a speed of 4500 ppm for 7 minutes. The plasma obtained was used to measure the value of blood biochemistry related. The plasma analysis was conducted using a Kenza 240TX model spectrophotometer. The procedure for analyzing blood samples followed the instructions listed in the randox and biolabo kits. Furthermore, behavioral and thermoregulation measurements were performed every week during this research. The results showed an increase in dairy cows' time spent lying and drinking at low altitudes compared to dairy cows at high altitudes. In contrast, rumination and feeding activities were decreased, as shown in the blood's physiological response and biochemical profile. Dairy cows appear to be more challenging to adjust physiologically at lower altitudes.

The villi ileum growth of native quail fed by irradiated chitosan with glutathione from early age in high temperature

“…The polar and bipolar nature of chitosan (binds water and fat) will increase the viscosity of digesta, so that the feed digesta rate is faster and will reduce nutrient contact with the small intestine during absorption, thereby reducing villi development [24][25][26][27]. Another factor is that early administration of chitosan inhibits the expression of genes or proteins that regulate lipid metabolism [27][28][29][30]. As a result, villi growth and development are reduced, as well as suppressing the activity of the ileum in carrying out its function as the absorption intestine.…”

“…Glutathione induction in this study means adding concentrations of amino acids, especially glutamine, cysteine and glycine. The three amino acids are related to growth, as reported by [18] that amino acids, especially glutamine, play an important role for growth-related nutrient pathways and regulation of cell proliferation, preventing apoptosis [27], and even stimulating the synthesis of specific proteins related to tissue growth [28].…”

“…The cell profile of ileal villi remained optimal by administering 100 ppm irradiated chitosan with 150 ppm glutathione induction. Glutathione contains three amino acids related to growth as reported by [30,[35][36][37] that amino acids, especially glutamine, play an important role for growth-related nutritional pathways and regulation of cell proliferation [38], preventing apoptosis [37,39], and even stimulating the synthesis of specific proteins in the liver [33,36,40]. Based on the ability of glutathione, the growth of goblet cells was better in the quail group that received a combination of glutathione administration compared to chitosan independently, as well as a decrease in the number of cells that experienced apoptosis and necrosis.…”

Dried probiotics enhances immunity and liver function of final production laying hens maintained at upper temperatures zone

“…As for the role of DP administered through feed, several researchers have previously reported that the administration of DP in feed is able to improve the rhythm and rate of metabolism in livestock, and show good physiological responses [17,18,[25][26][27][28][29]. Other researchers have shown that feeding probiotics to animals and livestock has an impact on their biochemical profiles.…”

“…According to [36,37] SGOT levels in laying hens increased SGOT levels can be caused by fatigue in certain organs, causing free radicals. Fatigue, inflammatory conditions of lipid peroxidation, infection can cause increased free radicals.…”