Behavioral Pharmacology

Dews, Peter; Morse, W. H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.01.040161.001045

Cited by 215 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The effect of the amphetamines on learning behaviour has been reviewed by Dews and Morse (8). A number of workers have reported that amphetamine facilitated escape response, conditioned avoidance response and discrimination learnings in animals but impairment was seen when larger doses were given (9,10,11,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behaviour in rats

Saito

Tsuchiya

Naka

et al. 1979

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-Pole-climbing and shuttle-avoidance tests were employed to study the acquisition of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and discrimination behaviour (DB) in male Wistar rats which had been given extracts from Panax Ginseng root intraperitoneally or orally. Neither a lipid soluble fraction (GNo. 5) nor a ginsenoside Rg fraction (GRg) produced significant changes in the acquisition of CAR. GRg given intraperitoneally produced a significant acceleration in the acquisition of DB between a 500 Hz signal sound followed by an electric shock (SD) and a 1000 Hz signal sound without a shock (SJ) in rats which had learned to avoid the shock following S1 at a rate of over 95 %. Small doses of GNo. 5 produced a significant depression in the acquisition of DB. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1) Pole-Climbing TestThe experimental details of the apparatus and the procedure of training were as reported in our previous report (6).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behaviour in rats

Saito

Tsuchiya

Naka

et al. 1979

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…And it has been confirmed in many reports (11)(12)(13) and summarized in many reviews (8,(14)(15)(16)(17) that the avoidance response specifically reflects the inhibitory effect of neuroleptics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Analytical Study of Acquisition on Free-OperantAvoidance Response for Evaluation of Psychotropic Drugs in Rats*

Kuribara

Okuizumi

Tadokoro

1975

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-Systematic research was performed on the acquisition of free-operant (Sidman-type) avoidance response, which is widely used for the study of psychotropic drugs, with the following results: When the training session was fixed at 2 hours once daily, shock-shock (S-S) interval at 5 seconds, and response-shock (R-S) interval variable-20, 30 and 60 seconds, the acquisition speed of the response was almost con stant independent of the R-S interval, about 6 sessions being always required. When the S-S and R-S intervals were constantly 5 and 30 seconds, respectively and the length of one session was varying-1, 2 and 4 hours, the behavioral baseline was established after about 6 sessions independently of the length of the session. Thus the cumulative time for the acquisition was shortest when one session was 1 hour long, and longest when it was 4 hours long. There was a linear relation with negative inclination between the logarithm of mean numbers of shock delivered per session and the number of sessions. In rapid and exact training of animals for the evaluation of drug effects, one session of an hour per day is adequate. In the evaluation of drug effects on the acquisition process, observation of the shift in logarithmic value of shocks delivered is recommended.The free-operant (Sidman-type) avoidance (1) is one form of operant behavior most extensively used for the evaluation of psychotropic drugs. As for the practical method of animal training, workers' views are varying, and there is yet no consensus (2-7).The authors want to propose an adequate method of animal training, and in addition to analyse the regularity between the acquisition progress and the number of shocks delivered, in order to emphasize the pharmacological applicability of this relation. MATERIALS AND METHODSSubjects: Wistar strain male rats, bred by brother-sister mating for more than 20 years in the Department of Pharmacology were used. They were fed a solid diet of MF (Oriental Co. Tokyo) and given tap water ad libitwn. At the start of training, the animals were age 70-100 days and weighed 250-300 g.Thirty-five rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 according to experimental conditions. Except for the period of experiment, the groups were separately maintained in their respective cages.* Supported by a special fund from The Science and Technology Agency of Japan for promoting multiministrial projects [1973][1974][1975] on "The studies on regeneration of nervous tissue"

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“…Perhaps the approach of psychophannacologists should be followed by analysts interested in EEG-drug effects. Dews & Morse (1961), for example, have noted that amphetamine has different effects on behavior depending on the control rate of responding, i.e., it increases low rates of responding while decreasing high rates of responding. Analyses of drug-EEG effects should consider control EEG activity as well as drug dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postreinforcement synchronization: Quantitative analysis of amphetamine effects

Rosen

1969

Psychon Sci

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Behavioral Pharmacology

Cited by 215 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behaviour in rats

Effects of panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behaviour in rats

Analytical Study of Acquisition on Free-OperantAvoidance Response for Evaluation of Psychotropic Drugs in Rats*

Postreinforcement synchronization: Quantitative analysis of amphetamine effects

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