Behavioral and Physiological Profile Analysis While Exercising—Case Study

Affective State during Physiotherapy and Its Analysis Using Machine Learning Methods

“…Based on the available literature [ 9 , 10 , 34 , 35 , 81 ], for each part of the EDA, the same statistical parameters as for the heart signals were computed. Furthermore, the following coefficients were also computed from the EDA signal: total energy, mean and median energy of the signal, entropy, coefficient of the slope of the regression line allowing to determine the trend—tonicity of signal, coefficients of regression line shift, a distance of values of consecutive EDA samples from the regression line, number of signal intersections with the regression line and the quadratic metric of the discrepancy between predicted and observed data (obj).…”

“…The measurement protocol ( Figure 1 ) was based on a previously proposed concept [ 9 ]. This approach used both quantitative and qualitative assessments.…”

“…The previous results indicate the significance of neuroticism and negative emotions for intensifying stress experience during physiotherapeutic procedures in a non-clinical group [ 9 , 10 ]. Anxiety and stress are interrelated and condition one another [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Emotions during healthcare are mainly triggered by invasive or frightening treatment experiences and pain during surgical procedures [ 6 , 7 ]. Technological development of the equipment and systems for monitoring and recording psychophysiological functions enables continuous observation of the changes in responding to a situation, making it possible to supplement the psychological data obtained through self-descriptive questionnaires with physiological ones [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Hybrid System of Emotion Evaluation in Physiotherapeutic Procedures

“…The components of the D4S system include a TOF (Time-of-Flight) camera for the detection of selected anthropometric points and calculation of basic spinal curvatures, two thermal imaging cameras for monitoring temperature changes on the back and face, a device for measuring the distribution of foot pressure on the ground and for measuring the moment of the forces that rotate the lower limb called Rotenso (the platform with red components in Figure 1b). Monitoring of the patient's physiological functions is possible using the Empatica E4 wristband, which records heart rate variability signals, body temperature and electrodermal activity, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the patient's health status before, during and after rehabilitation [40,41]. Furthermore, the cage is equipped with an original system for attaching the belt on the pelvis (orange-red clamp, Figure 1b) allowing for constant monitoring of its angular position in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes, which both controls and supports the optimal positioning of the pelvis, whereas during the therapy, it gradually reduces this movement, thus increasing lumbar and clavicular stability.…”