Behavioral and characterological attributional styles as predictors of depression and loneliness: Review, refinement, and test.

Anderson, Craig A.; Miller, Rowland S.; Riger, Alice L.; Dill, Jody C.; Sedikides, Constantine

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.3.549

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Although inconsistent ®ndings as regards the exact relationship have been produced, most studies have shown that an attributional style of self-blaming is related to depression and other measures of ill-health (Anderson, Miller, Riger, Dill & Sedikides, 1994). Despite the fact that some of the items of the WCQ subscale`accepting responsibility' are conceptually comparable to our instrument, the concept as a whole is not, as the WCQ contains both cognitive and behavioral items in one and the same subscale.…”

Section: Self Blamementioning

confidence: 57%

Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems

Garnefski

Kraaij

Spinhoven

2001

Personality and Individual Differences

1,758

1,646

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A new questionnaire, named the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, has been constructed, measuring nine cognitive coping strategies people tend to use after having experienced negative life events. A test±retest design was used to study the psychometric properties and relationships with measures of depression and anxiety among 547 high school youngsters. Principal component analyses supported the allocation of items to subscales, while alphas of most subscales exceeded 0.80. Cognitive coping strategies were found to play an important role in the relationship between the experience of negative life events and the reporting of symptoms of depression and anxiety. The results suggest that cognitive coping strategies may be a valuable context of prevention and intervention #

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Section: Self Blamementioning

confidence: 57%

Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems

Garnefski

Kraaij

Spinhoven

2001

Personality and Individual Differences

1,758

1,646

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“…In the absence of disconfirming social cues, such an individual might come to blame their predicament on their personal shortcomings, by concluding, for example that ''I'm someone who deserves to be picked on''. In the adult literature on causal explanations for rape (another form of victimization) it has been documented that attributions that imply personal deservingness, labeled characterological self-blame, are especially detrimental (Janoff-Bulman 1979; Anderson et al 1994). Characterological self-blame describes an attribution that is internal (''it's something about me''), stable (''things will always be that way''), and uncontrollable (''there is nothing I can do to change it'').…”

Section: Ethnicity As a Context For Peer Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“It Must Be Me”: Ethnic Diversity and Attributions for Peer Victimization in Middle School

Graham

Bellmore

Nishina

et al. 2009

J Youth Adolescence

127

104

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This study examined the mediating role of selfblaming attributions on peer victimization-maladjustment relations in middle school and the moderating role of classroom ethnic diversity. Latino and African American 6th grade participants (N = 1105, 56% female) were recruited from middle schools in which they were either members of the numerical majority ethnic group, the numerical minority, or one of several ethnic groups in ethnically diverse schools. Peer nomination data were gathered in the Fall of 6th grade to determine which students had reputations as victims of harassment and selfreport data on self-blame for peer harassment and the adjustment outcomes of depressive symptoms and feelings of self-worth were gathered in the Spring of 6th grade, approximately 6 months later. A mediational model in which self-blame partly explained the relation between victimization and maladjustment was supported among students from the majority ethnic group in their classroom but not among students from the minority group. The usefulness of including ethnic diversity as an important context variable in studies of peer victimization during early adolescence was discussed.

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“…Many researchers have advocated the use of therapies that revise the maladaptive nature of depressed individuals' attributions (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978;Anderson & Amoult, 1985a;Beck et al, 1979;Foersterling, 1985;Helm, 1984;Miller & Norman, 1981). Especially important to such cognitive therapies is the dimension of control (Abramson et al, 1978;Anderson & Amoult, 1985a;Anderson et al, 1994;Bandura, 1977;Beck et al, 1979). Firth-Cozens and Brewin (1988) found that both interpersonal therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant impact on attributions in general but that the greatest impact was on the controllability dimension.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shy and lonely people tend to have maladaptive attributional styles primarily for interpersonal situations, whereas depressed people display the same maladaptive attributional styles for interpersonal and noninterpersonal (e.g., achievement) situations (e.g., An-derson & Amoult, 1985a, 1985bAnderson, Miller, Riger, Dill, & Sedikides, 1994;Johnson, Petzel, & Johnson, 1991;Renshaw & Brown, 1993;Teglasi & Hoffman, 1982).…”

Section: A Note On Attributional Stylementioning

confidence: 99%

Loneliness, shyness, and depression: The etiology and interrelationships of everyday problems in living.

Dill

Anderson²

The Interactional Nature of Depression: Advances in Interpersonal Approaches.

Self Cite

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In addition to the emotional trauma and psychological suffering inflicted on the victims, these problems exact a heavy monetary toll on society. Like a pebble tossed into a pond, these problems have their most obvious effects at the point of entry, but the impact radiates outward in an ever-widening circle. Perhaps this simile is too optimistic: It implies that one can observe and predict relatively low-level effects as the modestsized waves dissipate at increasing distances from the initial point of impact. A coastal earthquake may provide a better analogy. The most obvious victims are those at the epicenter-the shy, the lonely, and the depressed. However, such traumatic events can lead to unexpected problems at quite some distance, just as the tsunami created by the earthquake can appear suddenly and unexpectedly thousands of miles away. For example, it is not simply the immediate family who suffer with the shy, lonely, and depressed; coworkers, friends, and acquaintances of the family may also be adversely affected. The health care costs, lost days at work, increased accident rates, and decreased productivity of the immediate victims and these "ripple effect" victims are all consequences of shyness, loneliness, and depression.Other hidden costs also accrue. For instance, there are theoretical and empirical reasons to suspect that these problems in living increase the likelihood of a variety of violent behaviors, ranging from child abuse to murder. For instance, Lee, Zimbardo, and Bertholf (1977) showed that convicted murderers who had no prior history of violence were unusually shy. Shyness, loneliness, and depression may all increase a variety of aggressive behaviors through at least three separate mechanisms (e.g., Anderson, Anderson, & Deuser, 1996; see also Berkowitz, 1993;Geen, 1990). First, the lack of satisfying interpersonal ties may contribute to a lower or less effective set of inhibitions against aggression. Second, the high level of negative affect characteristic of these problems in living may increase unwarranted aggression. Finally, these problems may prime aggressive thoughts, thus producing increases in aggression. THE ROLE OF MODERN SOCIETYNumerous characteristics of modern society contribute to shyness, loneliness, and depression. The high mobility in U.S. society makes it difficult to develop and maintain close interpersonal relationships, even within families. Similarly, the loss of intergenerational ties and the rise of single-parent families contribute to the social isolation that underlies many of the problems in living. These characteristics of modem U.

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Behavioral and characterological attributional styles as predictors of depression and loneliness: Review, refinement, and test.

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems

Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems

“It Must Be Me”: Ethnic Diversity and Attributions for Peer Victimization in Middle School

Loneliness, shyness, and depression: The etiology and interrelationships of everyday problems in living.

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