Behavioral and Antinociceptive Effects of Alfentanil, Butorphanol, and Flunixin in Horses

Queiroz-Neto, A.; Zamur, G.; Mataqueiro, M. I.; D’Angelis, Flora H.F.; Araújo, Renatha A.; Silva, Matheus H.M.; Basile, Roberta Carvalho; Ferraz, Guilherme de Camargo

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2013.04.009

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…With respect to an analgesic IVRLP, however, there is no clear target concentration. Previous reports of nociceptive studies have described that IV butorphanol administration imparts an analgesic benefit when administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (50 mg in an average 500‐kg horse) . In a pharmacokinetic study by Sellon et al, a single IV dose of butorphanol at this dosage resulted in plasma concentrations >100 ng/mL, which was much higher than those achieved within synovial fluid in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Previous reports of nociceptive studies have described that IV butorphanol administration imparts an analgesic benefit when administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (50 mg in an average 500-kg horse). 23,40 In a pharmacokinetic study by Sellon et al, 20 a single IV dose of butorphanol at this dosage resulted in plasma concentrations >100 ng/mL, which was much higher than those achieved within synovial fluid in the present study. However, when butorphanol was administered as a constant-rate infusion, the mean plasma concentration achieved was 29 ng/mL, a concentration similar to that seen in the synovial fluid in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Nociceptive thresholds and responses to analgesics may also be markedly different in healthy horses vs those with a painful condition. An increase in nociceptive thresholds can be seen in normal horses after opioid administration, although the relevance of this is unknown . Future studies should be pursued to tease apart the implications of clinical pain and tissue damage on the therapeutic efficacy of analgesic IVRLP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive thresholds after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing sedated horses

et al. 2019

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Objective To determine synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) changes after butorphanol intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP). Study design Experimental Animals Six adult horses. Methods Cephalic IVRLP was performed with 10 mg butorphanol in sedated horses with a wide rubber tourniquet and a total volume of 30 mL. Radiocarpal synovial fluid and serum concentrations along with MNT were evaluated prior to and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after IVRLP. Butorphanol concentrations were determined with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry positive electrospray ionization. Results Butorphanol concentrations reached mean (SD) peak concentrations of 9.47 ng/mL (±12.00) in synovial fluid and 3.89 ng/mL (3.29) in serum 30 minutes after IVRLP. Concentrations remained above baseline for 4 hours in synovial fluid (P ≤ .017) and for 2 hours in serum (P ≤ .016). The only difference in MNT was detected 1 hour after IVRLP, when MNT were higher in controls than in treated horses (P = .047). Conclusion Butorphanol IVRLP seemed well tolerated and resulted in measurable levels of butorphanol in the radiocarpal synovial fluid of five of six horses. Clinical significance Intravenous regional limb perfusion appears to be a viable alternative to administer butorphanol, but additional investigation is required to evaluate the dose and local concentrations required for analgesia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive thresholds after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing sedated horses

et al. 2019

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“…One study has evaluated the effects of sedation with xylazine and butorphanol on lameness grade in order to assess the impact of these protocols when undertaking lameness assessment , however, the study was not designed in order to document a direct analgesic effect of butorphanol and no such analgesic effect was demonstrated. The antinociceptive effects of butorphanol were investigated in two studies . The outcomes of these studies are contradictory with one demonstrating an antinociceptive effect, while the second showed no such effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excitement reactions and spontaneous locomotor activity reactions have been described in a variety of experimental and clinical studies of the use of different opiates . Spontaneous locomotor activity has been observed in a variety of clinical studies with opiate use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia

Bowen

Redpath

Dugdale

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a modification of the GRADE framework for assessment of research evidence (vetGRADE) and applied this to a range of clinical scenarios regarding use of analgesic agents. Key guidelines produced by the panel included recommendations that horses undergoing routine castration should receive intratesticular local anaesthesia irrespective of methods adopted and that horses should receive NSAIDs prior to surgery (overall certainty levels high). Butorphanol and buprenorphine should not be considered appropriate as sole analgesic for such procedures (high certainty). The panel recommend the continuation of analgesia for 3 days following castration (moderate certainty) and conclude that phenylbutazone provided superior analgesia to meloxicam and firocoxib for hoof pain/laminitis (moderate certainty), but that enhanced efficacy has not been demonstrated for joint pain. In horses with colic, flunixin and firocoxib are considered to provide more effective analgesia than meloxicam or phenylbutazone (moderate certainty). Given the risk of adverse events of all classes of analgesic, these agents should be used only under the control of a veterinary surgeon who has fully evaluated a horse and developed a therapeutic, analgesic plan that includes ongoing monitoring for such adverse events such as the development of right dorsal colitis with all classes of NSAID and spontaneous locomotor activity and potentially ileus with opiates. Finally, the panel call for the development of a single properly validated composite pain score for horses to allow accurate comparisons between medications in a robust manner.

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A promising and highly sensitive electrochemical platform for the detection of fentanyl and alfentanil in human serum

Li,

Duan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Microchim Acta

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Behavioral and Antinociceptive Effects of Alfentanil, Butorphanol, and Flunixin in Horses

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive thresholds after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing sedated horses

Synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive thresholds after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing sedated horses

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia

A promising and highly sensitive electrochemical platform for the detection of fentanyl and alfentanil in human serum

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