Behavior Patterns during Upstream Migration of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in the Lower Reaches of Yeon-gok Stream in Eastern Korea

Kim, Beom-Sik; Jung, Yong-Woo; Jung, Hae-Kun; Park, Joo Myun; Lee, Cheul Ho; Lee, Chung Il

doi:10.5322/jesi.2020.29.9.885

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Fluctuations in the depth of the warm and cold-water masses and strati cation change the vertical structure of the water column 28,29 and affect the distribution of Chum during spawning migration. Moreover, rivers along the NECWs have unique characteristics, including very short distances from the river mouth to the spawning grounds, steepness, and large uctuations in water volume and velocity with rainfall 30,31 . Fluctuations in the environmental conditions of coastal and riverine waters affect Chum distribution, maturation, spawning, and stock size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral patterns of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration across the coastal water-river continuum in Northeastern Korea

Kim,

Kang,

Jung

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Korea’s northeastern coastal waters (NECWs) represent the southwestern range of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), spanning temperate and boreal zones. However, understanding their migration to the NECWs in association with environmental changes remains challenging. Using tagging and tracking techniques, we studied salmon migration behavior and timing during spawning in ascending rivers. When sea levels rose, resulting in a decrease in sea surface temperature, salmon exhibited active vertical movement through the water column and migrated to the surface layer. The number of salmon ascending rivers between early October and early December increased when the sea surface temperature decreased below 18°C, peaking when the water column was mixed during spring tides, and decreased when sea surface temperature dropped below 14°C. In rivers, salmon favored gravelly riverbeds over sand/silt substrates, stayed in deep and shaded areas during the day, and advanced upstream at night. Our findings emphasize that water temperature and tidal elevation are key factors affecting salmon distribution in coastal waters and the timing of river entry. Riverbed composition, water depth, and photoperiod also influenced migration speed and timing in rivers. This research enhances our understanding of salmon behavior during spawning in the NECWs and adjacent rivers at their southern limits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral patterns of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration across the coastal water-river continuum in Northeastern Korea

Kim,

Kang,

Jung

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Korea is one of the coastal countries where O. keta returns and is located in the southernmost part of the many countries where it returns. Since the 1970s in Korea, O. keta release projects have been actively conducted for the purpose of creating coastal fisheries resources on the east coast, and many studies have been reported on stocks classification (Jung et al, 2003;Kang et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2007), geographical distribution (Hong et al, 2020), and migration characteristics of O. keta (Kim et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in plasma cortisol and glucose levels of Oncorhynchus keta according to water temperature

Seo¹,

Lee²,

Jeong³

et al. 2023

Fish Aquat Sci

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Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is a species of anadromous salmonid inhabiting coastal rivers in the North Pacific and the Arctic in the Bering and is the most widely distributed among Pacific salmon species. It is an important fish species in Korea as the salmon releasing project is being actively carried out. This study was conducted to investigate changes in the physiological activity of O. keta according to water temperature. Three experiments were conducted according to the water temperature and period, and the plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucose were analyzed from the blood samples of the experimental groups. Experiment Ⅰ is a short-term water temperature experiment, in which water temperature stimulation was given for 4 hours at water temperatures of 12℃, 16℃ (control), 20℃, and 24℃, and a recovery period was given for 4 hours. Experiment Ⅱ is an experiment in which water temperature stimulation was given for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours at a high temperature of 24℃, and a recovery period was given for 12 hours, respectively. Experiment Ⅲ is a long-term water temperature experiment, in which the water temperature was 12℃, 16℃ (control), 20℃, and 24℃ for 8 weeks. As a result of the experiment, in Experiment Ⅰ, there was no significant difference in the survival rate between the experimental groups, but the concentration of cortisol and glucose in the plasma according to the set water temperature showed a significant difference. In Experiment Ⅱ, there was no significant trend according to the maintenance time of the high-temperature state, but as the temperature increased, the plasma cortisol and glucose levels significantly increased compared to the control group. In Experiment Ⅲ, all of the experimental group C (24℃) died in the 1st week, and there was no significant difference in the plasma glucose at the 1st and 8th weeks among the remaining experimental groups.

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“…In the Yukon River (AK, USA) and the Amur River (border of China and the Russian Federation), salmon move more than 2500 km upstream before they reach their spawning grounds [6]. Most salmon-spawning migrations in Korea occur in rivers on the eastern coast, which are short with steep slopes from the headwater to the river mouth [10,11]. In particular, the Namdae River is where most salmon in Korea migrate to spawn, and their major spawning period is between October and November [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The downstream of the Namdae River exhibits a slower flow rate compared to the middle and upstream, with more than 80% of the sediments in the downstream consisting of sand and silt [14]. The topographical characteristics limit the range of salmon distribution in these rivers to a narrow space (approximately 10 km in the case of the Namdae River) upstream from the estuary [13], and artificial structures such as weirs can also interrupt salmon movement to the upstream areas [11]. Moreover, reduced winter precipitation results in low stream flow and water levels, restricting the area available for salmon migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to frequent exposure of fertilized eggs to the atmosphere after spawning [15][16][17]. Because of these environmental factors, in the case of rivers located on the eastern coast of Korea, including the Namdae River (Yangyang), salmon spawning grounds are formed downstream [11,15], and seawater movements, such as high waves and tides, can cause environmental changes (e.g., salinity) in the lower reaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Salinity on the Survival Rate of Fertilized Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Eggs

Park,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in salinity during their life cycle. However, the fertilized egg stages are sensitive to salinity, affecting ontogeny and hatching. This study investigated the effect of salinity (0, 1, 3, and 5 PSU) on the survival of two developmental stages (<1 day after fertilization and <1 day after the eyed-egg stage) of fertilized eggs. Based on the experimental results, we assessed the spawning ground environment using the in situ salinity data of the Namdae River from 1997 to 2002, where the largest number of salmon in Korea migrate to spawn. Survival of the <1-day-old fertilized eggs decreased sharply at 3 PSU or more, and all eggs died at 5 PSU. Hatching of the eyed-egg stage occurred under all environmental conditions. After 2010, the salinity of the layer of water in contact with the sediment in the lower reaches of the river increased (>6.9 PSU) with the frequency of high waves. Overall, the function of the lower river in spawning and hatching is weakening. This study enhances our understanding of the effects of climate change, including increased wave activity, on salmon spawning grounds.

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Behavior Patterns during Upstream Migration of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in the Lower Reaches of Yeon-gok Stream in Eastern Korea

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Behavioral patterns of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration across the coastal water-river continuum in Northeastern Korea

Behavioral patterns of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration across the coastal water-river continuum in Northeastern Korea

Change in plasma cortisol and glucose levels of Oncorhynchus keta according to water temperature

Influence of Salinity on the Survival Rate of Fertilized Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Eggs

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