Behavior of pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos residues on raspberry fruit and leaves of Laszka variety

Abstract

The purpose of the research conducted was to investigate and evaluate the behavior of pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, the active ingredients of selected fungicides and insecticides, on ripe fruit and in fully developed leaves of raspberry of the Laszka variety. The field trial was carried out in the period of one month starting from the first fruit picking. The results obtained indicated that residue levels on the day of the first crop picking did not even approximate the corresponding EU-MRLs (http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides). Individual substances in raspberry fruits and leaves disappeared at a similar rate. As a result of chlorpyrifos application to the soil, its residue in fruits and leaves occurred for the whole period of fruit bearing, though in fruit they dropped successively. To produce raspberries with residues below or equal to 0.01 μg g(-1), the application of pesticides should be stopped at least 2-3 weeks before the first crop picking, and on condition that an appropriate preparation (active in low doses) is applied to the last treatments.

Functionalized iron oxide/SBA-15 sorbent: investigation of adsorption performance towards glyphosate herbicide

“…Their mean total content was found to be at a relatively high level of 4.121 ± 0.734 mg/kg, which, according to Eq. 1, corresponded to 101.0% of the respective MRLs, and was about two times higher than those found in 2014 (see Table 2) and 2012 (Sadło et al 2014;Sadło et al 2015). The total content of the compounds found in the samples collected on subsequent sampling dates was significantly lower, and their residues decreased at similar rates as observed for boscalid, pyraclostrobin, cypermethrin or pyrimethanil, although their final mean residues still amounted to 0.719 mg/ kg, i.e.…”

“…In our earlier studies conducted in 2012, residues of this compound were still detected at the level of 0.007 ± 0.0007 mg/kg in soil samples collected 6 weeks after the treatment (Sadło et al 2014). In 2014, immediately after the treatment, the mean chlorpyrifos residue level in the 0-20 cm soil layer was 0.12 mg/kg, dissipating in accordance with the exponential equation, R t = 0.116e -0.052t (R 2 = 0.878), and during the last week of the pre-harvest interval (PHI: 33 days) it was still at the level of 0.004 mg/kg.…”

“…In our study, this value in raspberry fruits was equal to 7.15 days in 2013 and 7.00 days in 2014 (Table 4). In our earlier study, half-lives of cypermethrin in raspberry fruits and leaves were 8 and 16 days, respectively (Sadło et al 2014). …”

“…10 mL of petroleum ether, and purified on a Florisil minicolumn (Valverde-Garcia et al 1993). Pesticides were eluted with 70 mL of the ethyl ether-petroleum ether 3:7 (v/v) mixture, followed by 70 mL of the acetone-petroleum ether 1:9 (v/ v) mixture (Sadło et al 2014;Sadło et al 2015).…”

Simultaneous determination of boscalid and fludioxonil in grape and soil under field conditions by gas chromatography/tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

“…Fludioxonil inhibits germination and induces the alteration of germ tubes (Masner, Muster, & Schmid, ; Egner, Gerbling, Hoyer, Krüger, & Wegner, ; Baroffio, Siegfried, & Hilber, ), which is recommended for controlling plant pathogenic fungi (Errampalli, ; Leroux, ). To optimize the bactericidal effects, reduce the risk of pathogen resistance (Avenot & Michailides, ; Leroux et al, ; Leroux, Chapeland, Desbrosses, & Gredt, ) and avoid an addictive effect of fungicide residues (Angioni et al, ; Sadło, Szpyrka, Stawarczyk, & Piechowicz, ; Szpyrka & Sadło, ), a mixture of boscalid and fludioxonil was introduced for application to grape plants. However, pesticide residues may negatively affect human health and pollute the environment, such as soil and underground water (Arias, López, Fernández, & Soto, ; Arias, Torrente, López, Soto, & Simal‐Gándara, ; Ekelund, Westergaard, & Soe, ).…”