Behavior of Pharmaceuticals in Waste Water Treatment Plant in Japan

Matsuo, H.; Sakamoto, Hayao; Arizono, Koji; Shinohara, Ryota

doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0299-7

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both compounds are mainly excreted as metabolites (>99%; http://www.fass.se) of which some are glucuronide conjugates that are likely to be cleaved during sewage treatment, thus regenerating the parent compound [12,36]. Both are found at approximately the same concentration in STP influents (typically just below 1 g/L) [37][38][39]. Removal efficiency of both compounds is low to moderate (5-70%), and they are often found in similar concentrations in effluents, with an average from four studies of 1.4 g/L and 0.83 g/L for ketoprofen and diclofenac respectively [11,12,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ketoprofen or diclofenac pose the lowest risk to fish?

Cuklev

Fick

Cvijović

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ketoprofen or diclofenac pose the lowest risk to fish?

Cuklev

Fick

Cvijović

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Losartan is a pharmaceutical used to treat hypertension that has been both predicted (Howard and Muir, 2013;Oosterhuis et al, 2013) and detected in environmental waters (Hernández et al, 2015a;Matsuo et al, 2011). Its presence in a suspect list is thus warranted, and its exact mass was incorporated into our HRMS database.…”

Section: Assignment With Reference Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspect screening of large numbers of emerging contaminants in environmental waters using artificial neural networks for chromatographic retention time prediction and high resolution mass spectrometry data analysis

Bade

Bijlsma

Miller

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

103

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Abstract:The recent development of broad-scope high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening methods has resulted in a much improved capability for new compound identification in environmental samples. However, positive identifications at the ng/L concentration level rely on analytical reference standards for chromatographic retention time (t R ) and mass spectral comparisons. Chromatographic t R prediction can play a role in increasing confidence in suspect screening efforts for new compounds in the environment, especially when standards are not available, but reliable methods are lacking. The current work focuses on the development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for t R prediction in gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography and applied along with HRMS data to suspect screening of wastewater and environmental surface water samples. Based on a compound t R dataset of >500 compounds, an optimized 4-layer back-propagation multi-layer perceptron model enabled predictions for 85 % of all compounds to within 2 minutes of their measured t R for training (n=344) and verification (n=100) datasets. To evaluate the ANN ability for generalization to new data, the model was further tested using 100 randomly selected compounds and revealed 95 % prediction accuracy within the 2-minute elution interval. Given the increasing concern on the presence of drug metabolites and other transformation products (TPs) in the aquatic environment, the model was applied along with HRMS data for preliminary identification of pharmaceutically-related compounds in real samples. Examples of compounds where reference standards were subsequently acquired and later confirmed are also presented. To our knowledge, this work presents for the first time, the successful application of an accurate retention time predictor and HRMS data-mining using the largest number of compounds to preliminarily identify new or emerging contaminants in wastewater and surface waters.

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“…Indeed, Hughes et al [20] noted that more than 50% of the studies they reviewed were represented by only 14 APIs. More recent studies published after this review [20] tend to highlight the focus on antibiotics within their monitoring programmes [18,79,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97]. This is likely to be related to the perceived irrational use of antibiotics in many Asian countries [79,98].…”

Section: (Iii) Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Kookana

Williams

Boxall

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

137

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can enter the natural environment during manufacture, use and/or disposal, and consequently public concern about their potential adverse impacts in the environment is growing. Despite the bulk of the human population living in Asia and Africa (mostly in low- or middle-income countries), limited work relating to research, development and regulations on APIs in the environment have so far been conducted in these regions. Also, the API manufacturing sector is gradually shifting to countries with lower production costs. This paper focuses mainly on APIs for human consumption and highlights key differences between the low-, middle- and high-income countries, covering factors such as population and demographics, manufacture, prescriptions, treatment, disposal and reuse of waste and wastewater. The striking differences in populations (both human and animal), urbanization, sewer connectivity and other factors have revealed that the environmental compartments receiving the bulk of API residues differ markedly between low- and high-income countries. High sewer connectivity in developed countries allows capture and treatment of the waste stream (point-source). However, in many low- or middle-income countries, sewerage connectivity is generally low and in some areas waste is collected predominantly in septic systems. Consequently, the diffuse-source impact, such as on groundwater from leaking septic systems or on land due to disposal of raw sewage or septage, may be of greater concern. A screening level assessment of potential burdens of APIs in urban and rural environments of countries representing low- and middle-income as well as high-income has been made. Implications for ecological risks of APIs used by humans in lower income countries are discussed.

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Behavior of Pharmaceuticals in Waste Water Treatment Plant in Japan

Cited by 71 publications

References 6 publications

Does ketoprofen or diclofenac pose the lowest risk to fish?

Does ketoprofen or diclofenac pose the lowest risk to fish?

Suspect screening of large numbers of emerging contaminants in environmental waters using artificial neural networks for chromatographic retention time prediction and high resolution mass spectrometry data analysis

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

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