Behavior of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Soils and Sediments with Different Organic Matter Content from Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina

Álvarez, Melina; Mortier, Cecile du; Cirelli, Alicia Fernández

doi:10.1007/s11270-013-1453-0

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This practice is also not based on any scientific evidence. However, it is known that pesticides like chlopyrifos have high affinity for soil where it binds strongly (Gebremariam et al, 2012;Álvarez et al, 2013). It is therefore possible that rubbing mud on their hands would remove the pesticide residues.…”

Section: Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone

Sankoh

Whittle

Semple

et al. 2016

Environment International

100

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One of the biggest challenges faced by Sierra Leonean farmers is pest control. Birds, rodents, insects, crustaceans and other organisms can drastically reduce yields. In order to prevent these organisms from destroying their crop, farmers use pesticides. However there are reports that these chemicals are being misused and such misuse is having a negative impact on the environment and the health of the farmers. This research study aimed to investigate the use of pesticides in rice fields and its potential effects on the environment and on the farmers of Sierra Leone. Five hundred farmers and one hundred health workers across the country were interviewed. Fifty focus group discussions were also completed. Field observations were also undertaken to see how farmers apply pesticides to their farms and the possible threats these methods have on human health and the environment. It is clear that a wide range of pesticides are used by rice farmers in Sierra Leone with 60% of the pesticides used entering the country illegally. Most farmers have no knowledge about the safe handling of pesticides as 71% of them have never received any form of training. The pesticides kill both target and non-target organisms some of which enter the food chain. Cases of health problems such as nausea, respiratory disorders and blurred vision investigated in this research are significantly higher among farmers who use pesticides than those who do not use pesticides. Cases of pesticide intoxication are not investigated by health workers but results obtained from interviews with them also indicated that cases of pesticides related symptoms are significantly higher in environments where pesticides are used than those in which pesticides are not used.

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Section: Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone

Sankoh

Whittle

Semple

et al. 2016

Environment International

100

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show abstract

“…Many researchers indicate adsorption as a fundamental process responsible for pesticide migration in soils, but there seems to be some controversy regarding the mechanisms by which these substances are bound (Chefetz et al 2004;Pateiro-Moure et al 2009;Rani and Juwarkar 2010;Álvarez et al 2013;Liu et al 2013). Since the AMBA half-life was not influenced by the OC content in soil and sediments, it may be concluded that the complex between this compound and inorganic fraction of sorbents was created.…”

Section: Influence Of Soil and Sediment Ph On Triketones Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation study of mesotrione and other triketone herbicides on soils and sediments

et al. 2015

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Purpose Triketone compounds are considered to be less stable in the ecosystems in comparison with other herbicides. However, their degradation processes in environment are under investigation as both parents and degradation products can exhibit toxicity on non-target organisms. The objective of this research was to investigate the degradation of triketone herbicides: mesotrione, sulcotrione, and tembotrione, as well as their degradation products in soils and sediments. Materials and methods The degradation studies were conducted in soil and sediment samples with different physicochemical properties. All experiments were conducted under standard experimental conditions; therefore, it was possible to assess the influence of pH, organic carbon (OC) content of soils and sediments, and the sunlight on the stability of triketones and their degradation products. The conditions of extraction and chromatographic determination were optimized for the determination of triketones and their degradation products in laboratory-spiked sediment and soil samples. Results and discussion The triketone degradation products exhibited higher stability in soil and sediment samples in comparison with parent herbicides. Soil microorganisms accelerated the degradation of all investigated compounds. In alkaline soil and sediments, all analytes exhibited higher stability in comparison with the acidic sorbents. The influence of OC content in sorbents was not evident. Photodegradation was the main path of triketones decomposition in soils and sediments. Conclusions Since the stability of triketone herbicides may be significant, depending on the environmental conditions, the monitoring of the concentration of these compounds and in particular their degradation products should be conducted under the field conditions.

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“…These results could be related to the greater use of organophosphorus pesticides and carbamates applied in spring and summer in apple orchards under conventional management, where pesticides were retained by soil OM at a rate varying between 10.2% and 10.7%; this is an important factor for pesticide retention in soil (Boivin et al, 2005;Alvarez et al, 2013). There are also authors who maintain that pesticides can be biodegraded in soil by organisms found in OM (Sorensen and Aamand, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of earthworms as a pesticide exposure indicator in soils under conventional and organic management

Araneda¹,

Undurraga

Lopez³

et al. 2016

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The intensive use of agricultural soils reveals the massive application of agrochemicals. There is no follow-up of the presence of pesticide residues in soil or their toxic effects on organisms that are beneficial for agrosystems, such as earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pesticides used in horticultural orchards on earthworms, and the use of earthworms as an indicator through carboxylesterase (CbE) activity, which is an enzyme involved in the detoxification metabolism of organophosphorus, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Eight individuals were place in each polyethylene container and the container were buried under the soil surface in two apple orchards, one under organic management and the other under conventional management. The experiment was carried out in triplicate. A control treatment was conducted in the laboratory. The experiment was repeated in autumn, winter, spring, and summer of the 2014-2015 study period. Three internal gut tissues of the earthworm were measured for CbE activity in the laboratory. Results showed higher CbE activity in the crop-gizzard of the control treatment with 14.22 ± 1.00 µmol min -1 mg -1 in winter; the lowest activity was recorded in soil under conventional management in summer with 6.15 ± 2.77 µmol min -1 mg -1 (p ≤ 0.05). There was a seasonal difference in enzymatic activity that was higher in winter and autumn with 14.22 and 13.93 µmol min -1 mg -1, respectively, and lower in summer and spring with 6.15 and 6.31 µmol min -1 mg -1 (p ≤ 0.05), respectively; enzymatic activity was associated with higher pesticide application. It can be concluded that CbE activity is sensitive to the inhibitory action of pesticides and can therefore be used as a biological indicator of agrochemicals.

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Behavior of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Soils and Sediments with Different Organic Matter Content from Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone

An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone

Degradation study of mesotrione and other triketone herbicides on soils and sediments

Use of earthworms as a pesticide exposure indicator in soils under conventional and organic management

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