“…A large proportion of this experimental research has been conducted using fully grouted RM walls (Brunner & Shing, 1996;El-Dakhakhni, Banting, & Miller, 2013;Ibrahim & Sutter, 1999;Kikuchi et al, 2004;Matsumura, 1988;Okamoto, Yamazaki, Kaminosono, Teshigawara, & Hirashi, 1987;Shedid, Drysdale, & El-Dakhakhni, 2008;Shing, Noland, Klamerus, & Spaeh, 1989;Shing, Schuller, & Hoskere, 1990;Sherman, 2011;Sucuoglu & McNiven, 1991;Sveinsson et al, 1985;Tomaževič, Lutman, & Petković, 1996;Voon & Ingham, 2006), while another considerable number have been conducted on the partially grouted typology (Chen, Hidalgo, Mayes, Clough, & McNiven, 1978;Dhanasekar & Haider, 2011;Elmapruk, 2010;Fattal, 1993;Ghanem, Essawy, & Hamid, 1992;Ghanem, Salama, Elmagd, & Hamid, 1993;Ingham, Davidson, Brammer, & Voon, 2001;Maleki, 2008;Minaie, Mota, Moon, & Hamid, 2010;Nolph & ElGawady, 2012;Schultz, 1994;Voon & Ingham, 2006;Yancey & Scribner, 1989). Other RM systems, traditionally developed in Europe, make use of perforated clay units combined with concentrated vertical reinforcement (da Porto, Mosele, & Modena, 2011;Haach, Vasconcelos, & Lourenço, 2010).…”