Behavior of bensulfuron-methyl in an agricultural alkaline soil

Abstract

A field experiment to determine the available bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in the upper soil layer was conducted in an agricultural area in the South of Spain. To facilitate herbicide analysis, two application rates were employed, 200 g ha(-1) and 5 kg ha(-1). Samples of upper soil and soil solution were collected. Soil solution was sampled by means of metallic samplers, placed at a depth of 35 cm. In the plots receiving the lower dose ceramic suction, porous cups were also installed. Results from soil solution samples showed that the maximum BSM concentration was found after 8-10 days for the high irrigation supply (945 mm) and after 18-25 days for the lower irrigation regime (405 mm). The mathematical model FOCUSPELMO 1.1.1 was applied to interpret the data obtained in the field experiments. In general, there was a reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated data for soil samples, although the model did not acceptably predict herbicide concentrations in water soil samples. Ceramic cups sampled a higher soil water volume and more frequently than did the metallic samplers. However some variable results were attributed to preferential flow.

Fate and transport of bensulfuron-methyl and imazosulfuron in paddy fields: experiments and model simulation

“…However, the difference was not significant when comparing the value in the first-phase aerobic degradation with that of anaerobic degradation of bensulfuron-methyl. Previous studies have also shown that there was an overlap between the ranges of aerobic and anaerobic half-lives of bensulfuron-methyl (Berger and Wolfe 1996;Delgado-Moreno et al 2007). The difference was clearer for imazosulfuron, which is a chlorinated compound because reductive dehalogenation is thermodynamically favorable under reduced conditions (Smidt and de Vos 2004).…”

The mechanism of bensulfuron-methyl complexation with β-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and effect on soil adsorption and bio-activity

“…It was reported that the herbicide was immobile to moderately mobile in soils and easy to be adsorbed by soil particles 6–8 . As BSM is a kind of soil-applied herbicide, the adsorption behavior has significant effect on its bioavailability, as well as on environmental fate 9,10 . There are many reports about its toxic effects to human 11 , phytoplankton 12 , aquatic animals 13 , and soil bacterial communities 14 .…”

Kinetic Distribution of 14C‐Metsulfuron‐methyl Residues in Paddy Soils under Different Moisture Conditions

“…These interactions resulted in the formation of more extractable and less bound residues of 14 C‐metsulfuron‐methyl in high‐pH soils and less extractable and more bound residues in low‐pH soils. In addition, the anionic species of sulfonylurea herbicides were highly soluble in water and degraded at a slow rate in alkaline soils, which may significantly increase the potential for leaching (Sarmah et al, 2000; Delgado‐Moreno et al, 2007).…”