Behavior of Alkalis in Blast Furnaces

Gridasov, V. P.; Логачев, Г. Н.; Pishnograev, S. N.; Павлов, А. В.; Gostenin, V. A.; Chevychelov, A. V.

doi:10.1007/s11015-016-0171-4

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Similar observations have been reported, but specifically for the alkali content, in other publications as well. [2,6,11,12] This trend suggests that alkali loads may increase in the future. Another factor that drives the alkali load to higher levels is the increased recycling of in-plant residues.…”

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…From material balances, the introduction of alkalis in the top-charged materials is mainly attributed to the ferrous burden. [1,2] However, Sukarovs et al [3] characterized a range of coke samples, finding that the alkali content varied between 0.11 and 0.30 wt pct, which suggests the possibility of significant contributions from the coke ash as well. Previously published material balances recognized the contribution of coke, presenting that the coke ash may account for as much as 22 to 56 pct of the total alkali load in the BF.…”

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously published material balances recognized the contribution of coke, presenting that the coke ash may account for as much as 22 to 56 pct of the total alkali load in the BF. [2,4] The upper limit of allowed alkali load differs between different plants. Geerdes et al [5] reported that typical figures of upper limits vary between 1.5 and 5 kg of alkalis per ton hot metal (tHM).…”

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, significantly higher alkali loads have been reported in commercial operation, e.g., publications with figures varying between 6.5 and 14 kg alkalis/tHM exist. [1,2,[6][7][8][9] In addition, Lu [10] reported on declining qualities regarding the chemical composition of fine iron ore products and stated that the trend for continued downshift in iron ore quality is expected ANTON for the future. Similar observations have been reported, but specifically for the alkali content, in other publications as well.…”

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Quantitative Effect of Blast Furnace Slag Composition and Temperature on the Kinetics of Potassium Evaporation

Andersson

Ahmed

Ökvist

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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Increased in-plant recycling and lower quality raw material in terms of alkali content drive the alkali load in the blast furnace (BF) to higher levels. Excessive load of alkalis, primarily potassium, has several negative effects on the BF operation, which necessitates means to control the removal of potassium from the BF. One method to improve the removal is by increasing the potassium retention in the slag, which is controlled by the evaporation kinetics of potassium. Although several authors have studied factors affecting the evaporation rate, none of these studies have quantitatively investigated the effect of these parameters and attempted to relate these effects to slags from the industry. In the present work, a full-factorial design of experiments with three factors (B2 basicity, MgO content, and temperature) was performed, studying the evaporation of potassium from synthetic BF slag. The results suggested that multiple linear regression is suitable to describe the evaporation kinetics of potassium within the boundaries of the design of experiments. However, extrapolating to industrial slags of different compositions and additional slag components is best performed utilizing the corrected optical basicity. The corrected optical basicity showed a linear relation to the evaporation kinetics of potassium, which was related to the correlation between diffusivity and corrected optical basicity.

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Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Quantitative Effect of Blast Furnace Slag Composition and Temperature on the Kinetics of Potassium Evaporation

Andersson

Ahmed

Ökvist

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Alkalis content (%) (min. 0.11 [20]): they are mainly K and Na compounds and enter in the blast furnace with the charge materials (sinter, 32-58%; coke ash, 21-33%; pellets, 16-37% [46]). They cause several problems in the blast furnace performance: decrease coke hot strength, deteriorate sinter RDI, weak refractory lining and facilitate the formation of slag crusts, scaffolding and burning of the tuyeres [47].…”

Section: Iron Ores and Iron Oxide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Ore Agglomeration Technologies

González¹,

Piñuela-Noval²,

González³

2018

Iron Ores and Iron Oxide Materials

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Until the 1950s of the last century, the oxidized iron ores that were loaded into the blast furnace had granulometries within 10 and 120 mm. However, the depletion of highgrade iron ore sources has made necessary the utilization of concentration processes with the purpose of enriching the iron ore. Because of these processes, a fine granulometry is produced, and thus iron agglomeration process is necessary. There are several agglomeration processes including: briquetting, extrusion, nodulization, pelletizing and sintering, although pelletizing and sintering are the most widely used, and especially sintering process (70% blast furnace load). Apart from obtaining an agglomerated product, the objective is reaching the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical) in a product that is then fed into the blast furnace, achieving a homogenous and stable operation in this furnace with economical profitability.

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