Behavior and Ecology of Wild and Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa)

Graves, H.B.

doi:10.2527/jas1984.582482x

Cited by 269 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These findings coincided with recordings of Baber, Barrett, Beuerle, Graves, Briedermann [13,28,49,61,64].…”

Section: Each Of the Aspects Of Wild Pig Behavior Is Discussed Separasupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Following completion of births, the sow may or may not consume the blood, fluids, or placental material left in the nest. If conducted, this behavior would collectively serve to avoid attracting predators to the nest, allow the sow to obtain important nutrients, and keep the nest clean [15,53,54,[59][60][61]. Any piglet carcasses from either stillbirths or postnatal mortalities may also be eaten by the sow, sometimes just compensate the dehydration, cannibalism a commonly encountered phenomenon in domestic pigs.…”

Section: Each Of the Aspects Of Wild Pig Behavior Is Discussed Separamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

Allwin¹,

Swaminathan²,

Mohanraj³

et al. 2016

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Wild pigs are the most prolific, very intelligent and secretive species that over the recent past has been in a lot of conflict terms with the humans. These animals are adaptive generalists and survive in wide range of habitats worldwide. The reproductive traits of wild pigs are extraordinary showing high prolificacy so it becomes impossible to control their population. These animals have adapted to become nocturnal proving it difficult to know about their behavior. However in order in spite of these challenges the main objectives of this study was to understand the behavior and ecology of this particular species to come up the control strategies. Thus basis for documenting and understanding the wild pig behavior has dramatically evolved, contributing significantly to our understanding of these animals. In general, however, the lack of intensive field studies was attributed to the fact that wild pigs were regarded everywhere as a pest. The wild pig groups usually known as sounder's were tracked and all findings were documented. The study period was about a year and the wild pigs were tracked and observed at the adjoining regions of the Eastern Ghats (Sathyamangalam region) and the Western Ghats (Mudumalai tiger reserve, Anaimalai tiger reserve) and of Tamil Nadu state during November, 2012 to October, 2014. A variety of behaviors were documented such as social unit organization, Habitat utilization, Daily activity patterns, Movement patterns, Modes of mobility, Home range, Male-male competition, Maternal behavior, Resting/loafing beds, Mannerism and attitudes, Vigilance behavior, Vocalizations, Wallowing, Rubbing, Symbiotic grooming behavior, Scent marking, Senses. At the end of the study we were able to precisely outlay the above the entire behavior attributes of wild pigs. These findings are necessary to understand the wild pigs and their vermin nature to combat crop raiding, eventually cutting down Human-Wild pig conflict, that will a more scientific method of conservation to avoid conflicts ending in tragic outcomes.

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“…These findings coincided with recordings of Baber, Barrett, Beuerle, Graves, Briedermann [13,28,49,61,64].…”

Section: Each Of the Aspects Of Wild Pig Behavior Is Discussed Separasupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Each Of the Aspects Of Wild Pig Behavior Is Discussed Separamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

Allwin¹,

Swaminathan²,

Mohanraj³

et al. 2016

J Veterinar Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Concentrated areas for dunging may serve some territorial function, but also it is important that these areas are away from nest sites to control the risk of disease. Once chosen, a concave depression is created by hollowing out the ground, or by rooting up soil and vegetation into a pile and then rooting a central depression (Hafez et al, 1962;Graves, 1984). Hollowing out the ground involves digging and rooting behaviours, patterns also observed in domestic sows kept in farrowing crates though re-directed towards floors, bars and drinkers (Lawrence et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

Baxter

Lawrence

Edwards

2011

Animal

114

112

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The construction of a suitable farrowing environment is a continuing dilemma: the piglet's needs must be matched with those of the sow and the farmer during the main phases that constitute farrowing: nest building, parturition and lactation. Difficulties exist in resolving the various conflicts of interest between and within these three parties (e.g. sow v. farmer: space needed for nest building v. space needed to maximise the amount of farrowing accommodation, or sow v. sow: ensuring the survival of the current litter v. maintaining condition for future litters). Thus, the challenge is to resolve these conflicts and design a system that maximises sow and piglet welfare while maintaining an economically efficient and sustainable enterprise. In order to successfully design a farrowing and lactation environment, it is necessary to consider the biological needs of both the sow and her litter. The natural behaviour of the sow has been well documented and very little variation exists between reports of peri-parturient behaviour observed in extensively kept domestic sows and their wild counterparts. The failure for domestication to significantly alter these behavioural patterns provides evidence that they are biologically significant and that the commercial farrowing environment should attempt to accommodate this behavioural repertoire. In addition, the behavioural needs of the piglets, as well as the physiological needs of both sows and their offspring should be considered. This article aims to review the considerable body of literature detailing the behavioural repertoire of sows and their offspring during the different phases of farrowing, and the accompanying physiological processes. The focus is on identifying biological needs of the animals involved in order to synthesise the appropriate design criteria for farrowing and lactation systems, which should optimise both welfare and animal production.

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“…In general, locomotor play is displayed by species that live in unstable environments rather than static environments (Špinka et al, 2001). The home ranges of wild and feral swine are greatly influenced by food availability, weather, and hunting pressure (Graves, 1984). Therefore, the ability to react quickly to changing environmental stimuli through hasty behavior changes is beneficial for survival.…”

Section: Solitary Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosing Around: Play in Pigs

Horback¹

2014

ABC

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-The predominant method of measuring welfare in swine focuses on overt physical ailments, such as skin lesions, lameness, and body condition. An alternative metric for assessing welfare in swine can be to measure the frequency and duration of positive behavioral states, such as play. Given that play occurs only when an animal's primary needs (food, comfort, safety, etc.) have been satisfied, it has been suggested that play may be a sensitive indicator for assessing the welfare of non-human animals. Play has primarily been described in young piglets and is assessed via the occurrence of specific play markers. These play markers include overt bursts of energy like scamper, or more subtle social behaviors like nose-to-body contact. This review describes four areas of play for swine: locomotor, object, sow-piglet, and, peer play. From sporadic leaping to combative wrestling, play behavior allows for the fine-tuning of reflexive behavior which can enhance physical development, enrich cognitive abilities, and facilitate the maintenance of social bonds.

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Behavior and Ecology of Wild and Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa)

Cited by 269 publications

References 9 publications

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

Nosing Around: Play in Pigs

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