Wild pigs are the most prolific, very intelligent and secretive species that over the recent past has been in a lot of conflict terms with the humans. These animals are adaptive generalists and survive in wide range of habitats worldwide. The reproductive traits of wild pigs are extraordinary showing high prolificacy so it becomes impossible to control their population. These animals have adapted to become nocturnal proving it difficult to know about their behavior. However in order in spite of these challenges the main objectives of this study was to understand the behavior and ecology of this particular species to come up the control strategies. Thus basis for documenting and understanding the wild pig behavior has dramatically evolved, contributing significantly to our understanding of these animals. In general, however, the lack of intensive field studies was attributed to the fact that wild pigs were regarded everywhere as a pest. The wild pig groups usually known as sounder's were tracked and all findings were documented. The study period was about a year and the wild pigs were tracked and observed at the adjoining regions of the Eastern Ghats (Sathyamangalam region) and the Western Ghats (Mudumalai tiger reserve, Anaimalai tiger reserve) and of Tamil Nadu state during November, 2012 to October, 2014. A variety of behaviors were documented such as social unit organization, Habitat utilization, Daily activity patterns, Movement patterns, Modes of mobility, Home range, Male-male competition, Maternal behavior, Resting/loafing beds, Mannerism and attitudes, Vigilance behavior, Vocalizations, Wallowing, Rubbing, Symbiotic grooming behavior, Scent marking, Senses. At the end of the study we were able to precisely outlay the above the entire behavior attributes of wild pigs. These findings are necessary to understand the wild pigs and their vermin nature to combat crop raiding, eventually cutting down Human-Wild pig conflict, that will a more scientific method of conservation to avoid conflicts ending in tragic outcomes.
Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) is an endemic to southern India. The species that is largely arboreal is at present found in the all types of habitat, especially those created and maintained by human beings. Bonnet macaques of late have totally shifted their activity and existence towards human habitations, in other words these animals have become urban pests creating a lot of menace in human activities. This paper aims at finding out the prevalence of endoparasites in urban free ranging population of Bonnet macaques. As they share the same interface for their daily existence a zoonotic threat may be foreseen. So, a clear picture of the endoparasitic fauna of Bonnet macaques sharing the human occupations may be useful in bringing about discrete conclusions. The species encountered in the study were Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Strongyloides sp. and mixed endoparasitic infections consisting of Trichuris sp. with Ascaris sp. or Strongyloides sp. with Trichuris sp. Interestingly statistically no significant variations were found between the three regions where it was sampled from, the conclusion being that parasitism existed at the same level in all the three regions. The findings are discussed.
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