Behavior and Body Patterns of the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus

Caldwell, Roy L.; Ross, R. Kenyon; A, Rodaniche; Huffard, Christine L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134152

Cited by 52 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Visual communication in cephalopods involves sophisticated displays that are characterized by many visually appealing body patterns (Moynihan and Rodaniche, 1982;Hanlon, 1988;Hanlon et al, 1994Hanlon et al, , 1999Hanlon and Messenger, 1996;Jantzen and Havenhand, 2003a,b;Caldwell et al, 2015;Scheel et al, 2016). The body pattern of a cephalopod consists of a combination of chromatic, textural, postural, and locomotor components, and a subset of these components may be combined together at any given time to create a specific and different body pattern (Packard andSanders, 1969, 1971;Packard and Hochberg, 1977;Hanlon, 1982;Roper and Hochberg, 1988;Hanlon et al, 1994Hanlon et al, , 1999Hanlon and Messenger, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2017

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Cephalopods use a diverse range of body patterns for visual communication. Each pattern is composed of several distinct chromatic components that are under neural control and are expressed dynamically. In the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana, males use distinct body patterns to interact with females and other males at the spawning site. To systematically examine their visual signals during reproductive behavior, an ethogram of 27 body pattern components produced by S. lessoniana was observed in both the wild and captivity; these were then characterized. Five behaviors were commonly seen among these reproductively active squids, namely parallel swimming, male guarding, male-male fighting, male-parallel mating, and male-upturn mating. Each behavior was found to be composed of the expression in a temporal sequence of different chromatic components. By analyzing the dynamic body patterning time series associated with each behavior, it was found that a certain subset of components was expressed simultaneously or sequentially in response to conspecifics. Importantly, the results not only revealed that each behavior is composed of multiple chromatic components, but the findings also showed that each component is often associated with multiple behaviors. To gain insight into the visual communication associated with each behavior in terms of the body patterning's key components, the co-expression frequencies of two or more components at any moment in time were calculated in order to assess uniqueness when distinguishing one behavior from another. This approach identified the minimum set of key components that, when expressed together, represents an unequivocal visual communication signal. While the interpretation of the signal and the associated response of the receiver during visual communication are difficult to determine, the concept of the component assembly is similar to a typical language within which individual words often have multiple meanings, but when they appeared together with other words, the message becomes unequivocal. The present study thus demonstrates that dynamic body pattering, by expressing unique sets of key components acutely, is an efficient way of communicating behavioral information between oval squids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2017

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“…The first display repertoires in octopus were done for O. vulgaris (there was a shorter description by Cowdry, 1911 (but see species identification); Mather & Mather, 1994; most comprehensive by Packard & Sanders, 1971). Forsythe and Hanlon (1988) created a display repertoire for O. bimaculoides, Huffard (2007a) for A. aculeatus and Caldwell et al (2015) for the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus. Leite and Mather (2008) generated a cluster analysis for components of patterns of O. insularis, one of the few quantitative studies of component combinations in octopuses.…”

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An ethogram for Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

Mather

Alupay

2016

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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The present paper constructs a general ethogram for the actions of the flexible body as well as the skin displays of octopuses in the family Octopodidae. The actions of 6 sets of structures (mantle-funnel, arms, sucker-stalk, skin-web, head, and mouth) combine to produce behavioral units that involve positioning of parts leading to postures such as the flamboyant, movements of parts of the animal with relation to itself including head bob and grooming, and movements of the whole animal by both jetting in the water and crawling along the substrate. Muscular actions result in 4 key changes in skin display: (a) chromatophore expansion, (b) chromatophore contraction resulting in appearance of reflective colors such as iridophores and leucophores, (c) erection of papillae on the skin, and (d) overall postures of arms and mantle controlled by actions of the octopus muscular hydrostat. They produce appearances, including excellent camouflage, moving passing cloud and iridescent blue rings, with only a few known species-specific male visual sexual displays. Commonalities across the family suggest that, despite having flexible muscular hydrostat movement systems producing several behavioral units, simplicity of production may underlie the complexity of movement and appearance. This systematic framework allows researchers to take the next step in modeling how such diversity can be a combination of just a few variables. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Actuator Materials Powered by Biomimetic Helical Fiber Topologies

Spinks

2019

Advanced Materials

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where conventional mechanical drive systems, such as electric motors, are too large or too heavy. [13] Natural skeletal muscle is often used as a benchmark for comparing and evaluating synthetic artificial muscles. The three key attributes of any actuator are the force generated, the amount of movement produced, and the time taken to complete a full actuation cycle. Skeletal muscle, e.g., generates a blocked stress of ≈0.3 MPa, free strain of ≈20%, responds in ≈0.1 s, and has a density of 1037 kg m −3 . Combining these parameters gives a reasonable estimate of the peak powerto-weight ratio (PWR) for muscle at ≈300 W kg −1 . [14] The PWR for conventional motors, engines, and other actuators covers a wide range (1-10 4 W kg −1 ), and there is a rough scaling between weight and PWR. This scaling means that small motors are less powerful and at sizes of less than a few tens of grams, muscle outperforms any available engine or motor. This limitation is currently hampering the development of many needed technologies. For example, the current state-of-the-art, motor-driven prosthetic hands are impressive but still do not match the dexterity of a healthy human. In theory, low-profile and high PWR artificial muscles could replicate the full range of motion, grip types, and strengths of the hand. Recent demonstrations of artificial muscle powered robotic hands [15] highlight the need for improved actuator materials, fabrication strategies, and control processes. In fact, biomimetic actuators are yet to be developed that match all of the features of natural muscle including large stroke, high speed, efficiency, long operating life, silent operation, and safety for use in human contact. Great progress has been made in the development of artificial muscles, and the most recent significant example of twisted and coiled polymer fibers [16] exploits a helical fiber topology that has a similarity with many constructs found in nature. Helices are a recurring feature in many of nature's actuators, which poses the question of whether the helix introduces any particular mechanical advantage.The helix is a striking and ubiquitous feature in biology [17] with several examples illustrated in Figure 1. The double stranded DNA molecule is probably the most famous helix (or double helix), but similar structures pervade biology at all length scales from molecular to the macroscopic. Many protein molecules adopt an alpha-helix conformation and assemble into helical filaments, such as the thin filament in skeletal muscle.Helical constructs are ubiquitous in nature at all size domains, from molecular to macroscopic. The helical topology confers unique mechanical functions that activate certain phenomena, such as twining vines and vital cellular functions like the folding and packing of DNA into chromosomes. The understanding of active mechanical processes in plants, certain musculature in animals, and some biochemical processes in cells provides insight into the versatility of the helix. Most of these natural systems consist of helically orien...

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Behavior and Body Patterns of the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

An ethogram for Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

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