Bee venom attenuates degenerative effects of diabetes associated with hyperlipidemia in rats.

Abstract

Background: Natural products have been known as one of the most important therapeutic agents for diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Bee venom is a multipurpose agent that contains different bioactive compounds including melittin and phospholipase A2. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bee venom on biochemical and histopathological abnormalities in pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic hyperlipidemic rats compared to synthetic drugs (Metformin and Atorvastatin).Material and methods: Bee venom's median lethal dose (LD 50 ) was determined, and then 50 adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group 1 was fed standard diet and served as a negative control group, while the other four groups were received streptozotocin and nicotinamide injections to induce type 2 diabetes and after diabetes confirmation, rats were fed a high-fat diet for 28 days and then they were divided as follows: group 2 : served as a positive control group, and the remaining three groups represented the treated groups, group 3: bee venom treated group (0.5mg/kg), group 4: bee venom treated group (1/10 LD 50 ) (1.23mg/kg), and group 5: Metformin (60 mg/kg) plus Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) treated group for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the experiment: blood samples, liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were collected. Results: Treatment of diabetic hyperlipidemic rats using two doses of bee venom (0.5 and 1.23 mg/kg) and Metformin plus Atorvastatin revealed significant decrease (p< 0.0001) in levels of glucose, HOMA-IR, total protein, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, MDA, Fetuin-,A, ALT and AST activities compared to the positive control group. Furthermore, Levels of insulin, HOMA-ß, Albumin, A/G ratio, and TAC were significantly increased compared to the positive control group (p< 0.0001). Our results were confirmed by histopathological examination of the pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues. Conclusion: Bee venom can be considered as a new potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes associated with hyperlipidemia.

Impact of Bee Venom and Oxytetracycline on Blood Parameters, Antioxidant, Immunity Status and Bacterial Count of Weaning Rabbits

“…On the other hand, ALT and AST are indicators for liver integrity and function according to Zafar et al, (2009). Due to the presence of phospholipase A 2 , the second most prevalent component of BV treated rats showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST activity compared to untreated rats (Zahran et al, 2021). Also, Kim et al, (2014) recorded that bee venom decreases aminotransferase enzymes and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been related to hepatic damage.…”

“…The presence of phospholipase A 2 in bee venom, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective effects was attributed to the improvement in TP, Alb and Glo (Zahran et al, 2021). Baeg-Young et al, (2011) reported that there were no differences in plasma biochemical components including AST, ALT, alkaline phosphate (ALP), TP, Alb, Glo, and Regarding OXY, Ayana et al, (2016) recorded that TP and transaminases were decreased with the group treated with OXY compared to the control group.…”

Effect of honey bee venom on the histological changes of testes and hormonal disturbance in diabetic mice

“…Recently, animal toxins showed promising potential therapeutic alternative medication to prevent and manage several health issues [34,35]. Apitoxin, BV, has various health benefits, including potential antidiabetic properties [36,37]. Since male infertility is a consequence of T2DM, the antidiabetic effect of BV and subsequent assessment of restoring the fertility capacity and improving the histological structure of the testes are needed to study.…”

“…The BV decreased the blood glucose level with a high concentration of insulin that stimulated cellular glucose utilization [23]. The high level of insulin could be due to the ability of BV to alter the depolarization of the beta cell membrane, which facilitates the entering of calcium through its opening channels, stimulating insulin secretion [36,37]. This result is promising for managing glucose and insulin levels in people with diabetes.…”

Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of honey bee venom

“…Previous studies have shown that melittin improves the synthesis of insulin by downregulating the inflammatory process of pancreatic Islets ( Pollak, 2014 , Sattar, 2022 ). Additionally, melittin also depolarizes pancreatic Islets cell membrane which opens Ca 2+ channels and permitting Calcium ions enhanced entry and activating β-cells to synthesize insulin ( Mousavi et al, 2012 , Zahran et al, 2021a , Zahran et al, 2021b , Sattar, 2022 ). The administration of BV renovated the usual physiology and anatomy of the pancreas because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities ( Kim et al, 1999 , Sattar, 2022 ).…”