Bean fly, management practices, and biological control in Malawian subsistence agriculture

Letourneau, Deborah K.

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(94)90129-5

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Stem mining insects such as bean fly are economically important even at low densities especially when they destroy seedlings (Edwards and Singh 2006). There are three main species of bean fly in East Africa namely, Ophiomyia phaseoli Tyron, O. spencerella Greathead, and O. centrosematis de Meijere (Greathead 1968;Letourneau 1994;Songa and Ampofo 1999). However, O. phaseoli and O. spencerella are the most important of the three species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Letourneau (1994) reported that Malawian farmers were aware of the symptoms caused by bean fly attack and probably incorporate bean fly resistant cultivars into their cropping systems despite the fact that the tiny flies themselves were not commonly known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, farmer knowledge is locality specific and needs to be validated (Nkunika 2002;Trutmann et al 1996). A better understanding by farmers may enhance their knowledge of management practices (Letourneau 1994). It will also help them make informed decisions on the choice of appropriate pest management options, such as a combination of host plant resistance and cultural practices (Songa and Ampofo 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the production is largely concentrated among the small-scale farmers whose farming conditions are diverse. A majority of these farmers are resource-poor, and faced with a myriad of challenges (Letourneau 1994;Ampofo and Massomo 1998). Due to socio-economic reasons, farmers are unable to effectively alleviate the effects of these constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is regarded as the most important insect pest of beans in East Africa where the problem is acute (Ampofo and Massomo 1998). Since farmers have limited land, they continue to cultivate the same areas over the years, using limited or no application of pesticides or fertilizer which leads to a build up of pests (Letourneau 1994). Under such farming conditions, bean fly becomes the key insect pest, causing significant yield losses (Greathead 1968;Letourneau 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Participatory plant breeding approach for host plant resistance to bean fly in common bean under semi-arid Kenya conditions

et al. 2009

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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop in Kenya. It is cultivated across a wide range of agro-ecologies which include high potential and marginal areas. Eastern Kenya alone, largely semi-arid, accounts for 35% of the country's total bean production. Bean farmers mainly small-scale have limited access to quality seed, chemical pesticides and fertilizer. Therefore, bean yield under on-farm conditions still remains below 500 kg ha -1 while the potential is about 1,200 kg ha -1 under semi-arid conditions. To asses the farmers' views on bean varieties and a key insect pest and associated constraints contributing to yield loss, research was undertaken. The research included survey to quantify the yield loss and Participatory Rural Appraisal to determine the level of adoption and criteria for variety choice in semi-arid eastern Kenya (SAEK). The results show that farmers consider drought and insect pest problems as main causes for low yields. The adoption rate for improved varieties is high but self sufficiency in beans stands at 23% in the dry transitional (DT) agro-ecology and at 18% in the dry mid-altitude (DM) agro-ecology, respectively. This could be attributed to low adaptability since most of the improved varieties grown were selected for high potential areas but now found in marginal areas. Drought, earliness, yield stability, and insect pest resistance are the main reasons for choice of varieties by farmers. Bean fly (Ophiomyia sp.) was identified as one of the key crop pests of beans limiting yield. Besides, African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and bean aphid (Aphis fabae) were ranked higher. Due to limitations of the conventional breeding approach, a participatory plant breeding approach is suggested so as to provide an opportunity to develop insect pest resistant varieties adapted to the SAEK region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Participatory plant breeding approach for host plant resistance to bean fly in common bean under semi-arid Kenya conditions

et al. 2009

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The use of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) traditional varieties and their mixtures with commercial varieties to manage bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) infestations in Uganda

et al. 2015

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The bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) is considered the most economically damaging field insect pest of common beans in Uganda. Despite the use of existing pest management approaches, reported damage has remained high. Forty-eight traditional and improved common bean varieties currently grown in farmers’ fields were evaluated for resistance against bean fly. Data on bean fly incidence, severity and root damage from bean stem maggot were collected. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) revealed significant resistance to bean fly in the Ugandan traditional varieties. A popular resistant traditional variety and a popular susceptible commercial variety were selected from the 48 varieties and evaluated in pure and mixed stands. The incidence of bean fly infestation on both varieties in mixtures with different arrangements (systematic random versus rows), and different proportions within each of the two arrangements, was measured and analysed using GLMMs. The proportion of resistant varieties in a mixture and the arrangement type significantly decreased bean fly damage compared to pure stands, with the highest decrease in damage registered in the systematic random mixture with at least 50 % of resistant variety. The highest reduction in root damage, obvious 21 days after planting, was found in systematic random mixtures with at least 50 % of the resistant variety. Small holder farmers in East Africa and elsewhere in the world have local preferences for growing bean varieties in genetic mixtures. These mixtures can be enhanced by the use of resistant varieties in the mixtures to reduce bean fly damage on susceptible popular varieties.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10340-015-0678-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Breeding options for improving common bean for resistance against bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.): a review of research in eastern and southern Africa

et al. 2011

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Bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) is a key pest of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) throughout eastern and southern Africa. It is known to cause total crop loss especially under drought stress and low soil fertility. This review underscores the importance of bean fly to bean production. It discusses the research achievements on genetic improvement of common bean for resistance against bean fly attack and highlights further opportunities available for rapid advance. The paper dwells on conventional breeding approaches and possibilities for utilization of markerassisted selection. Mechanisms of common bean resistance to bean fly have been considered with a view to understand the genetic control. To maximize the effectiveness of host-plant resistance against bean fly, multiple insect resistances should be incorporated into a single bean genotype in order to ensure stability. However, this should be within the background of integrated pest management strategy.

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Bean fly, management practices, and biological control in Malawian subsistence agriculture

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Participatory plant breeding approach for host plant resistance to bean fly in common bean under semi-arid Kenya conditions

Participatory plant breeding approach for host plant resistance to bean fly in common bean under semi-arid Kenya conditions

The use of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) traditional varieties and their mixtures with commercial varieties to manage bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) infestations in Uganda

Breeding options for improving common bean for resistance against bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.): a review of research in eastern and southern Africa

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