Beam profile characteristics of InGaAs sub-monolayer quantum-dot photonic-crystal VCSELs

Yang, Hung-Pin D.; Hsu, I-Chen; Lai, Fang‐I; Lin, Gray; Hsiao, R. S.; Maleev, N. A.; Blokhin, S. A.; Kuo, Hao‐Chung; Y., Jim

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.01.063

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The spectral linewidth is 0.1 nm, which is near the spectrometer resolution. The Gaussian far-field profile exhibits a 10°beam divergence, consistent with past reports [18]- [20]. Comparison of the lasing emission in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The optical loss arising from the photonic crystal surrounding such a defect cavity contributes to suppression of higher order modes [16]. The etched photonic crystal can reduce the beam divergence to less than 20°, a typical value for a similar sized oxide-confined VCSEL, but the beam divergence is sensitive to the etch depth of the photonic crystal [18]- [20].…”

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Low Divergence Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Ring Arrays

et al. 2022

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We report the theory and experimental verification of a method to reduce beam divergence from coherently-coupled ring arrays of photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The photonic crystal etched into the top distributed Bragg reflector defines the optically coupled array elements, each of which has independent current injection and thus independent gain. Using a 2-dimensional complex waveguide model we simulate the supermodes of a 6-element ring array of VCSELs. The influence of the photonic crystal, free carrier loss, laser gain, and carrier-induced index suppression arising from the spatially defined gain regions are included in our analysis. Our simulations show the latter enables preferred anti-guided supermodes with reduced beam divergence. Optical characterization of the spectral and beam characteristics of 6-ring photonic crystal implanted VCSEL arrays shows that when the arrays are current-tuned to quasi-single mode operation, we find the beam divergence angle approaches 2°consistent with our simulations. This method of reduced beam divergence may have advantages for high-brightness applications.

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Low Divergence Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Ring Arrays

et al. 2022

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Spectrally resolved confocal microscopy for laser mode imaging and beam characteristic investigations

Brezna

Smoliner

2009

Applied Physics Letters

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In this letter, confocal optical microscopy is used to investigate the intensity patterns of an infrared vertical cavity surface emitting laser in three dimensions with high spectral resolution. The measurements were performed between the near field (Fresnel) regime and the far field (Fraunhofer) regime. The calculated intensity patterns were found to be in good agreement with the measured intensity distribution. The calculations together with the measurements can be used to determine the phase relation between different positions inside the gain medium.

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Incoherent phenomena in anisotropic periodic structures: from modeling to experimental demonstration

Postava,

Ciompa,

Kohut

et al. 2024

Opt. Express

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The periodic structures are widely studied in numerous optical applications and there is a number of good tools for numerical modeling of such a structures (for example rigorous coupled-wave analysis, finite-difference time-domain, finite element method etc.). However, when it comes to the modeling of incoherent effects in many cases of practical interest, the current methods are not rigorous enough or depend on computationally demanding averaging of coherent response. In this paper, we present a novel approach to modeling of incoherent effects in structures with lateral periodicity based on scattering matrix formalism, as a way to describe optical response of a structure, and on application of incoherent wave summation in the form of infinite geometric series and generalized Mueller matrix calculus. This method can be combined with any of the existing coherent methods of modeling periodic structures and it offers significantly faster computational performance than partially coherent/incoherent methods based on averaging. It is compared with other methods for modeling of incoherent effects and also with experimental spectroscopic data. This method is then used to explain phenomena emerging from the complex interaction between diffraction grating and thick substrate.

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Beam profile characteristics of InGaAs sub-monolayer quantum-dot photonic-crystal VCSELs

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Low Divergence Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Ring Arrays

Low Divergence Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Ring Arrays

Spectrally resolved confocal microscopy for laser mode imaging and beam characteristic investigations

Incoherent phenomena in anisotropic periodic structures: from modeling to experimental demonstration

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