Beam Alignment and Tracking for Autonomous Vehicular Communication using IEEE 802.11ad-based Radar

Abstract

Mobility scenarios involving short contact times pose a challenge for high bandwidth data transfer between autonomous vehicles and roadside base stations (BS). Millimeter wave bands are a viable solution as they offer enormous bandwidth in the 60GHz band with several Gbps data transfer rates. However, beamforming is used as a default mode in this band, which requires accurate and continuous alignment under relative motion. We propose a method in which an off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11ad WiFi router is configured to serve as the BS as well as a radar exploiting special structure of 802.11ad preamble. We embed the radar functionality within standards-compliant operations that do not modify the core structure of the frames beyond what is defined by the 802.11ad protocol. This not only reduces the beam training time, but also ensures scalability with increasing vehicular traffic because radar allows accurate ranging of up to 0.1m at distances up to 200m. We further analyze the ensuing cost-benefit trade-off between the time allotted to the proposed in-band radar and communication modes. Our results reveal 83% reduction on the overhead incurred during the beam training achieved for a specific simulated vehicular scenario over the classical 802.11ad operation.

A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges

“…Secondly, the low-efficiency and time-consuming beam training scheme, since it appropriates network resources utilized for communication. The IEEE 802.11ad PHY layer transmits control (CPHY) sequence with both OFDM and singlecarrier (SC) modulation schemes at operating frequencies of 2.64 GHz and 1.76 GHz [275], respectively. Each IEEE 802.11ad CPHY and SCPHY frame comprise of a beamforming training field, header, data, short training field (STF) and a channel estimation field (CEF) [275].…”

“…The IEEE 802.11ad PHY layer transmits control (CPHY) sequence with both OFDM and singlecarrier (SC) modulation schemes at operating frequencies of 2.64 GHz and 1.76 GHz [275], respectively. Each IEEE 802.11ad CPHY and SCPHY frame comprise of a beamforming training field, header, data, short training field (STF) and a channel estimation field (CEF) [275]. Thus, inside the IEEE 802.11ad CEF, holds two 512-point sequences, which embed Golay complementary pairs.…”

Yüksek Hızlı Trenler için 5G Milimetre Dalga Haberleşmesi

“…It is stated that getting accurate location information of the train plays key role for successful deployments of the 5G networks for HST in addition to designing of suitable beams for each sector (train location). In literature, some works such as (Va, 2018 andMuns et al, 2019), studied the beam design for vehicular scenarios. However, designing suitable beams for high mobility scenarios depends on the environment, frequencies, design requirements etc.…”

A Combined Waveform-Beamforming Design for Millimeter-Wave Joint Communication-Radar

“…arXiv:2009.02633v1 [eess.SP] 6 Sep 2020 2 Prior approaches to increase the radar FoV for mmWave automotive JCR can be categorized into three types: (a) JCR during the communication beam training mode, (b) JCR with an adaptive beamforming design during the data transmission mode, and (c) multiple-input-multiple-output JCR with low resolution analog-to-digital converters. In the first approach [9], [10], the communication beam training mode was proposed for radar sensing. In [9], the IEEE 802.11ad beam scanning algorithm was exploited for radar detection/estimation with a wide FoV.…”

“…In [9], the IEEE 802.11ad beam scanning algorithm was exploited for radar detection/estimation with a wide FoV. In [10], a new MAC configuration for vehicle-to-infrastructure JCR application was proposed that employed beam switching pattern with dedicated sectors for radar and communication. In the second approach [11], the IEEE 802.11ad SC PHY frames along with the adaptive random switching (RS) of TX antennas during the data transmission mode was proposed.…”