“…Clean-ups can be considered real conservation actions since beach litter may impact many ecosystem components (e.g., plants, invertebrates, reptiles and seabirds that can be trapped, poisoned or suffocated) [4,9,15,16]. Besides, these actions can charm and amuse many citizens and technical operators (for example, in LTER-Long Term Ecological Research sites [17,18]), if compared to other activities of nature conservation, planned to respond to more complex threats such as fires, poaching, and invasive species, which require significant amounts of financial resources, professional operators, policies and technology [19]. Even considering their execution ease, clean-ups need to follow specific criteria and clear planning, scheduled by project managers.…”