Beach Carrying Capacity: The physical and social analysis at Costa de Caparica, Portugal

Exploring surfers’ perceptions of municipal regulations using grounded theory

“…Consistent with other studies, crowding was also mentioned as one of the reasons most surfers were displaced from the Virginia Beach Oceanfront (Hall and Shelby 2000;Tynon and Gómez 2012). Surfers do not like being in crowded areas because it decreases the number of waves they can catch; therefore, it is a large motivator of surf travel (Alessi 2009;Silva and Ferreira 2013). In this case, they only have to travel a short distance (the military base is in Virginia Beach and the Outer Banks is a 1.5-2 hour drive south) to find beaches with fewer surfers.…”

“…Level of experience in the activity can also be a factor: more experienced divers in the Azores had less tolerance for crowds (Bentz et al 2015). In Portugal, Silva and Ferreira (2013) found that crowds decreased the level of enjoyment for 86% of surfers, but increased the level of enjoyment for 77.8% of beachgoers. Our findings corroborate much of this previous research.…”

“…Perceptions of crowding are often used to determine carrying capacity for recreational areas (Bell, Needham, and Szuster 2011;Buckley 2002a;Silva and Ferreira 2013;Strother and Vogelsong 2002). In one study, boaters who perceived more crowding were more supportive of management strategies that would limit the number of boats and people in a recreational area (Bell, Needham, and Szuster 2011).…”

Dynamic implications of tourism and environmental quality

“…However, once the economy has recovered a proper balance between physical capital and environmental quality, the environmental conditions will improve because the economy also invests in environmental maintenance. This outcome can be linked to numerous papers finding empirical evidence of this transitional phase (among others, McElroy & Albuquerque, ; Santana‐Jiménez & Hernández, ; Silva & Ferreira, ; Silva, Barbosa, & Costa, ). This result clearly depicts the emergence of an environmental Kuznet curve (EKC) (for instance, Brock & Taylor, ; Kijima, Nishide, & Ohyama, ; Tahvonen & Salo, ), which is driven in our paper by the dynamic interaction between tourism and the environmental quality.…”

Extension Evaluation of Marine Ecological Carrying Capacity: An Empirical Study Based on the Development of Tropical Marine Island Free Trade Ports in Developing Countries

“…Using on-site counting date, time-lapse photos, and traffic counters, the usage intensity and dynamics of two beaches can be analyzed (Pereira da Silva et al, 2016). Another study used management tools to consider the impact of related water surfing activities on beach carrying capacity, as part of the study of beach carrying capacity (Silva & Ferreira, 2013)). The multiobjective decision model is used to evaluate the water resource carrying capacity of Algeria (Ait-Aoudia & Berezowska-Azzag, 2016).…”