BCG vaccination reduces risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis as detected by gamma interferon release assay

Eisenhut, Michael; Paranjothy, Shantini; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Bracebridge, Sam; Lilley, M; Mulla, Rohinton; Lack, K.; Chalkley, D.; McEvoy, M

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.031

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…27 Eisenhut et al used an IGRA to test the school contacts of a child with non-infectious pulmonary in the UK and found that BCG vaccine (a single dose administered at birth using the Danish strain 1331) protected against both LTBI and active disease (adjusted RR of LTBI 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.96 [a 38% reduction in RR]; adjusted RR of active TB 0.51, 95% CI 0.15-1.70). 28 After adjusting for ethnicity, closeness in class and shared activities, BCG vaccination continued to show a protective effect against infection (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05-0.54), with a corrected RR of 26% (95% CI 0.09-0.69) corresponding to a 74% reduction in RR (95% CI 31-91%). 28 Soysal et al evaluated the effect of BCG vaccine in reducing the risk of infection and tubercular disease in a cohort study of 979 Turkish children who had been in contact with cases of active TB [29].…”

Section: What Is the Current Role Of Bcg Vaccination?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…28 After adjusting for ethnicity, closeness in class and shared activities, BCG vaccination continued to show a protective effect against infection (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05-0.54), with a corrected RR of 26% (95% CI 0.09-0.69) corresponding to a 74% reduction in RR (95% CI 31-91%). 28 Soysal et al evaluated the effect of BCG vaccine in reducing the risk of infection and tubercular disease in a cohort study of 979 Turkish children who had been in contact with cases of active TB [29]. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the vaccination was associated with 92% reduction in the RR of disease (95% CI 71-98%) and a 34% reduction in the RR of LTBI (95% CI 12-35%), even after correcting for possible confounding factors.…”

Section: What Is the Current Role Of Bcg Vaccination?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] A recent meta-analysis of the efficacy of BCG vaccine against the pulmonary, meningeal and disseminated forms of TB included 21 randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials: 18 involving patients with pulmonary TB, and 6 involving patients with meningeal and/or military forms. 30 The panel marginally supports a recommendation for use subjects vaccinated at birth (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0,29-0.58).…”

Section: What Is the Current Role Of Bcg Vaccination?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations for pediatric tuberculosis vaccination in Italy

Montagnani

Esposito

Galli

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is still the only vaccine approved for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB), and is widely used in highly endemic countries, where all newborns receive a single intradermal dose immediately after birth; however, the recommendations concerning its use in Europe vary widely from country to country. This document describes the recommendations of a group of Italian scientific societies concerning its pediatric use in Italy, the persistence of the protection it provides, its safety, its interference with tuberculin skin test (TST) responses, and the children who should be vaccinated. The experts conclude that BCG vaccination provides a good level of protection against tuberculous meningitis and disseminated forms, and a fair level of protection against pulmonary disease; the protective effective lasts at least 10 years, and revaccination offers no advantages over a single administration. The vaccine is safe in immunocompetent subjects, and affects the response to a TST for at least 6 y On the basis of these observations, we recommend its use in Italy in all TST-negative immunocompetent newborns and breastfeeding infants aged <6 months, and all TST-negative children aged between 6 months and 5 y who come from highly epidemic areas, or whose parents come from highly endemic areas, or who have been in contact with a family member with active TB without contracting the disease themselves.

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Section: What Is the Current Role Of Bcg Vaccination?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: What Is the Current Role Of Bcg Vaccination?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: What Is the Current Role Of Bcg Vaccination?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recommendations for pediatric tuberculosis vaccination in Italy

Montagnani

Esposito

Galli

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…bovis. The important role of BCG vaccination is the prevention of serious disease such as disseminated TB and meningitis among children (26)(27)(28)(29). BCG vaccine does not prevent infection with M tuberculosis.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereafter, a TST is mandatory before vaccination. Contraindications for the vaccine include immunosuppressed conditions such as primary or secondary immunodeficiency, high dose steroid use and HIV infection (29)(30)(31). However, in the countries of the world where the risk of TB is very high, WHO recommends using BCG vaccine in children who have asymptomatic HIV infection.Adverse reactions due to the vaccine include subcutaneous abscess formation and lymphadenopathy.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

Keshtkar-Jahromi

Sharifi-Mood

2014

Int J Infect

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Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of infection-related death worldwide. Children represent 5 to 15% of all TB cases around the world and are more frequently infected and more easily affected by the most severe forms of the disease such as meningitis and disseminated form .Here, we reviewed TB in children with impact on the routes of transmission, clinical manifestations, treatment, control, and prophylaxis. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) were searched from June1995 to May 2014 by using key words (pulmonaryTB,epidemiology,transm ission,clinical manifestations,treatment,control, and prophylaxis) . Pulmonary tuberculosis may manifest in several forms, including endobronchial TB with focal lymphadenopathy, progressive pulmonary disease, pleural involvement, and reactivated pulmonary disease . Symptoms of primary pulmonary disease in the pediatric population are often insignificant. Gastric aspirates are used instead of sputum in children younger than 6 years. BCG vaccination is used in many parts of the world and the major role of vaccination is the prevention of life-threatening illness such as disseminated TB and meningitis in children.Treatment is the same as for adults. Most people infected with M .tuberculosis do not develop active disease. In healthy individuals, the lifetime risk of developing infection to disease is 5-10%. Reactivation of TB often occurs in older children and adolescent and is more common in patients who acquire TB at age 7 years and older.

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