BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of dendritic cells and altered plasma levels of type I and type III interferons in elderly individuals

Kumar, Nathella Pavan; Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran; Ray, Anuradha; Bhavani, Perumal Kannabiran; Nancy, Arul; Jeyadeepa, Bharathi; Selvaraj, Nandhini; Ashokan, Dinesh; Renji, Rachel Mariam; Venkataramani, Vijayalakshmi; Tripathy, Srikanth; Babu, Subash

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.041

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…As early as July 17, 2020, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis conducted a phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in decreasing morbidity and mortality of elderly individuals with COVID-19 in India (NCT04475302). COVID-19COVID-19COVID-19The preliminary results observed the proliferation of plasma-like dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells and increased levels of IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ2 (IL-28a), and IFN-λ3 (IL-28b) and decreased levels of IFN-α and IFN-βin plasma induced by BCG vaccination [141] . These results provide indirect evidence for BCG vaccination to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing heterologous immunity.…”

Section: Is the Bcg Vaccine Effective Against Sars-cov-2 Infection?mentioning

confidence: 95%

“… Positive (indirect evidence): BCG vaccination was associated with enhanced DC subsets and IL-28A/IL-29 in elderly individuals, suggesting its ability to induce non-specific innate immune responses. [141] Clinical trial* 301 elderly Greek patients BCG revaccination resulted in 68% risk reduction for total COVID-19 clinical and microbiological diagnoses. Positive: BCG revaccination resulted in reduction for total COVID-19 clinical and microbiological diagnoses.…”

Section: Is the Bcg Vaccine Effective Against Sars-cov-2 Infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents

Gong¹,

Mao

et al. 2022

International Immunopharmacology

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Section: Is the Bcg Vaccine Effective Against Sars-cov-2 Infection?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Is the Bcg Vaccine Effective Against Sars-cov-2 Infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents

Gong¹,

Mao

et al. 2022

International Immunopharmacology

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“…Blood was drawn from the controls only at baseline. The demographic and epidemiological data have been previously reported [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of memory T cells and altered plasma levels of common γc cytokines in elderly individuals

et al. 2021

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BCG vaccination is known to induce innate immune memory, which confers protection against heterologous infections. However, the effect of BCG vaccination on the conventional adaptive immune cells subsets is not well characterized. We investigated the impact of BCG vaccination on the frequencies of T cell subsets and common gamma c (γc) cytokines in a group of healthy elderly individuals (age 60–80 years) at one month post vaccination as part of our clinical study to examine the effect of BCG on COVID-19. Our results demonstrate that BCG vaccination induced enhanced frequencies of central (p<0.0001) and effector memory (p<0.0001) CD4+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naïve (p<0.0001), transitional memory (p<0.0001), stem cell memory (p = 0.0001) CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells. In addition, BCG vaccination induced enhanced frequencies of central (p = 0.0008), effector (p<0.0001) and terminal effector memory (p<0.0001) CD8+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naïve (p<0.0001), transitional memory (p<0.0001) and stem cell memory (p = 0.0034) CD8+T cells. BCG vaccination also induced enhanced plasma levels of IL-7 (p<0.0001) and IL-15 (p = 0.0020) but diminished levels of IL-2 (p = 0.0033) and IL-21 (p = 0.0020). Thus, BCG vaccination was associated with enhanced memory T cell subsets as well as memory enhancing γc cytokines in elderly individuals, suggesting its ability to induce non-specific adaptive immune responses.

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“…However, when BCG-DCs were co-cultured with human cord-blood mononuclear cells, they produced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, which may partially contribute to low protection garnered by BCG. In the elderly, a study surveying whole blood and plasma samples 1 month post BCG immunization observed enhanced plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs ( 259 ). Despite this, plasma levels of type I IFNs (IFNα/β) were significantly decreased, while type III IFNs (l), which comprise anti-viral cytokines (also named IL-28A, IL28B, and IL-29), were significantly enhanced, potentially showcasing the off-target effects of BCG ( 259 ).…”

Section: Cell Subsets Widening the Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the elderly, a study surveying whole blood and plasma samples 1 month post BCG immunization observed enhanced plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs (259). Despite this, plasma levels of type I IFNs (IFNa/b) were significantly decreased, while type III IFNs (l), which comprise anti-viral cytokines (also named IL-28A, IL28B, and IL-29), were significantly enhanced, potentially showcasing the off-target effects of BCG (259). Next-generation BCG vaccine candidates may also work to improve and direct BCG-induced i n fl a m m a t o r y D C a c t i v a t i o n a s a p r o p o s a l f o r enhanced protection.…”

Section: Dendritic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes a Village: The Multifaceted Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity

Larsen

Williams²,

Rais³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Despite co-evolving with humans for centuries and being intensely studied for decades, the immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have yet to be fully defined. This lapse in understanding is a major lag in the pipeline for evaluating and advancing efficacious vaccine candidates. While CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) pro-inflammatory responses have a significant role in controlling Mtb infection, the historically narrow focus on this cell population may have eclipsed the characterization of other requisite arms of the immune system. Over the last decade, the tuberculosis (TB) research community has intentionally and intensely increased the breadth of investigation of other immune players. Here, we review mechanistic preclinical studies as well as clinical anecdotes that suggest the degree to which different cell types, such as NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γ δ T cells, and B cells, influence infection or disease prevention. Additionally, we categorically outline the observed role each major cell type plays in vaccine-induced immunity, including Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Novel vaccine candidates advancing through either the preclinical or clinical pipeline leverage different platforms (e.g., protein + adjuvant, vector-based, nucleic acid-based) to purposefully elicit complex immune responses, and we review those design rationales and results to date. The better we as a community understand the essential composition, magnitude, timing, and trafficking of immune responses against Mtb, the closer we are to reducing the severe disease burden and toll on human health inflicted by TB globally.

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BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of dendritic cells and altered plasma levels of type I and type III interferons in elderly individuals

Abstract: Babu , BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of dendritic cells and altered plasma levels of type I and type III interferons in elderly individuals, International

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents

BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents

BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of memory T cells and altered plasma levels of common γc cytokines in elderly individuals

It Takes a Village: The Multifaceted Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity

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