BB and Pellet Guns — Toys or Deadly Weapons?

Harris, William J.; Luterman, Arnold; Curreri, P. William

doi:10.1097/00005373-198307000-00004

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The information about entrance/exit wound associated with gunshot evidence has been proved vital importance for firearm examiners and the medico-legal experts. A number of studies [3,5,[6][7][8][9][10][11]26] have been concentrated with the location of entrance wound as a maker of suicide. In some circumstances, homicidal wounds may be interpreted as suicidal wounds.…”

Section: Results Of Shootingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of suicide cases is very low (3%) in comparison to earlier studies 47% by Chapman and Milroy [4], 50% Thomsen and Albrektsen [1] and 60.9% by Harris [8]. In a review of gunshot deaths in Strathclyde (1989-1998), Moug et al [14] also reported that in suicide shotgun was the preferred choice to deliver the fatal shot.…”

Section: Type Of Casementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Either it has been included as a part of study of overall firearm cases or as a passing reference, with some emphasis to meet the requirement of a comparative analysis of cases involving different types of firearms. A few studies, which focused only to shotgun cases, have been devoted solely to injury aspects [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shotgun shooting in northern India—a review (1980–1999)

Singh

2005

Forensic Science International

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Section: Results Of Shootingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type Of Casementioning

confidence: 86%

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Shotgun shooting in northern India—a review (1980–1999)

Singh

2005

Forensic Science International

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“…2000). Compared with air gun and paintball projectile eye injuries (Drummond & Kielar 1976; Harris et al. 1983; Mamalis et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

33 cases of airsoft gun pellet ocular injuries in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998–2002

Saunte

2006

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and ocular effects of blunt trauma due to injury from airsoft gun pellets. Methods: We conducted a non-comparative case series based on the files of 33 patients who suffered ocular injury from airsoft guns and were admitted to one university emergency eye clinic in Copenhagen during a 5-year period. Results: A total of 33 eyes in 33 patients were examined. Thirty male and three female patients were affected. Mean age was 13 years (range 3-49 years). Mean follow-up time was 6.5 days (range 1-540 days). On initial examination, we found: hyphaema (n ¼ 28), corneal abrasion (n ¼ 22), retinal oedema (n ¼ 11), subconjunctival haemorrhage (n ¼ 10), palpebral haemorrhage and ⁄ or oedema (n ¼ 9), iris dialysis (n ¼ 7), intraocular pressure (IOP) > 31 mmHg (n ¼ 4), IOP < 9 mmHg (n ¼ 4), vitreous haemorrhage (n ¼ 2) and cataract (n ¼ 1). One patient had brown corneal discoloration due to severe chronic hyphaema that required surgery. The final visual acuity was 1.0 in 20 patients and £ 0.7 in five patients. Conclusion: The airsoft gun trauma resulted in anterior and posterior segment ocular injuries that required acute medical intervention and for which some patients were hospitalized. Trauma mainly occurred in children and youths. A longterm risk of glaucoma is expected. Eye care professionals and parents as well as manufacturers of airsoft guns should advise participants to wear adequate protection when involved in this activity.

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“…2 5 At close range, BBs and pellets fired from these air powered guns, especially those with velocities >350 fps, can cause tissue damage similar to that inflicted by powder charged bullets fired from small caliber handguns. 6 Numerous studies have documented the potentially severe or lethal nature of penetrating injuries from BB/pellet gunshots, especially those to the abdomen, chest, eye, and head of children. These studies indicate that unsupervised access to these guns by children is a major risk factor for injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trends in BB/pellet gun injuries in children and teenagers in the United States, 1985–99

Nguyen

2002

Inj Prev

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Objective: To characterize national trends in non-fatal BB/pellet gun related injury rates for persons aged 19 years or younger in relation to trends in non-fatal and fatal firearm related injury rates and discuss these trends in light of injury prevention and violence prevention efforts. Setting: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) includes approximately 100 hospitals with at least six beds that provide emergency services. These hospitals comprise a stratified probability sample of all US hospitals with emergency departments. The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) is a complete census of all death certificates filed by states and is compiled annually. Methods: National data on BB/pellet gun related injuries and injury rates were examined along with fatal and non-fatal firearm related injuries and injury rates. Non-fatal injury data for all BB/pellet gun related injury cases from 1985 through 1999, and firearm related injury cases from 1993 through 1999 were obtained from hospital emergency department records using the NEISS. Firearm related deaths from 1985 through 1999 were obtained from the NVSS. Results: BB/pellet gun related injury rates increased from age 3 years to a peak at age 13 years and declined thereafter. In contrast, firearm related injury and death rates increased gradually until age 13 and then increased sharply until age 18 years. For persons aged 19 years and younger, BB/pellet gun related injury rates increased from the late 1980s until the early 1990s and then declined until 1999; these injury rates per 100 000 population were 24.0 in 1988, 32.8 in 1992, and 18.3 in 1999. This trend was similar to those for fatal and non-fatal firearm related injury rates per 100 000 which were 4.5 in 1985, 7.8 in 1993, and 4.3 in 1999 (fatal) and 38.6 in 1993 and 16.3 in 1999 (non-fatal). In 1999, an estimated 14 313 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12 025 to 16 601) cases with non-fatal BB/pellet gun injuries and an estimated 12 748 (95% CI 7881-17 615) cases with non-fatal firearm related injuries among persons aged 19 years and younger were treated in US hospital emergency departments. Conclusions: BB/pellet gun related and firearm related injury rates show similar declines since the early 1990s. These declines coincide with a growing number of prevention efforts aimed at reducing injuries to children from unsupervised access to guns and from youth violence. Evaluations at the state and local level are needed to determine true associations.

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BB and Pellet Guns — Toys or Deadly Weapons?

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Shotgun shooting in northern India—a review (1980–1999)

Shotgun shooting in northern India—a review (1980–1999)

33 cases of airsoft gun pellet ocular injuries in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998–2002

Trends in BB/pellet gun injuries in children and teenagers in the United States, 1985–99

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