Bay Laurel Contains Antimutagenic Kaempferyl Coumarate Acting against the Dietary Carcinogen 3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2)

Abstract

A novel antimutagen in bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) acts against the dietary carcinogen 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2). The antimutagen was purified chromatographically from ethyl acetate extract of bay leaf and identified instrumentally to be 3-kaempferyl p-coumarate. The yield was 20 mg from 100 g of bay, and its IC50 value, the amount required for 50% inhibition of the mutagenicity of 20 ng of Trp-P-2, was 1.9 μg. This value is close to those for strong antimutagens such as flavones and flavonols. The antimutagenicity was due to a desmutagenic action that inhibited the metabolic activation of Trp-P-2 to its ultimate carcinogenic form. The kaempferyl moiety contributed to the activity. Interestingly, this compound had weak bioantimutagenicity and could also suppress the mutagenicity of direct mutagens. Keywords: Kaempferyl coumarate; antimutagen; flavonoid; dietary carcinogen; cancer prevention

Anticancer and antiradical scavenging activity ofAgeratum conyzoidesL. (Asteraceae)

“…From the spectra data, it was found that the structure of the compound belongs to flavonoid group and when the structure was compared with established literature data, it was identified as 3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone (kaempferol). [ 19 20 ]…”

Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Laurel Tree (Laurus nobilis)

“…The anticancer activities of these extracts have driven the bioactivity-guided isolation of the responsible active compounds. Thus, lauroside B (76), a megastigmane glycoside from a methanolic extract of laurel leaves [211]; kaempferol-3-O-pcoumarate (134), a flavonoid from an ethyl acetate extract of laurel leaves [85]; costunolide (16), santamarine (28), reynosin (31), 11,13-dehydrosantonin (42), gazaniolide (45), spirafolide (48), and lauroxepine (65), sesquiterpenoids from a methanolic extract of laurel fruits [39]; anhydroperoxycostunolide (21) and 3-oxoeudesma-1,4(15),11(13)triene-12,6α-olide (43), sesquiterpenoids from a hot water extract of laurel leaves [94]; dehydrocostus lactone (22) and 3-chlorodehydrocostus lactone (25), sesquiterpenoids from a petroleum ether extract of laurel leaves [50]; costunolide (16), dehydrocostus lactone (22), 3-chlorodehydrocostus lactone (25), and lactone 49, sesquiterpenoids from a chloroform extract of laurel leaves [50,207]; lucentolide (20), anhydroperoxycostunolide (21), santamarine (28), reynosin (31), hydroperoxide-magnolialide (32), magnolialide (35), 3-peroxyarmefolin (36), 11,13dehydrosantonin (42), tubiferin (44), some more eudesmane lactones (30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 47), and several -hydroxyesters (60-64), all sesquiterpenoids from a dichloromethane extract of laurel leaves [52], have been isolated as the active compounds.…”

Subsequent Products After Antioxidant Actions of β-Carotene and α-Tocopherol Have NoSalmonellaMutagenicity

“…In design E, TA98 cells wereˆrst mutated by incubation with Trp-P-2 and S9, and then incubated with the products, as an assay to detect bio-antimutagenicity. 38) Compared to design A, 13-MLOOH showed similar suppression in designs C and D, suggesting that it aŠected S9 and the activated Trp-P-2. PLPCOOH and C3 were more suppressive in design D, indicating that they acted on the activated Trp-P-2.…”