Bawean Island: The Potential for Ecotourism and Local Knowledge on Plant Diversity Supporting Ecotourism

Abstract

Bawean Island has attractive biodiversity and natures that are potential for development. The present study was aimed to investigate (i) the potential of Bawean Island's natural resources for ecotourism (ii) local knowledge of Bawean people on plant diversity and uses, and (iii) the potential of plants for commodities supporting ecotourism development. The potential of Bawean Island for ecotourism was examined based on data of attractive natural environments, while the local knowledge was obtained by interviewing Bawean people and observation of the daily practical use of plants. Various plants were analysed for their potential as commodities suppporting ecotourism. The results showed that Bawean Island has high potential resources for ecotourism. It is ranging from beaches, mountains, rivers, plant diversity, and endemic animals. The local knowledge showed that Bawean has plant diversity with various potential uses. There were 81 plant species traditionally used by Bawean people, including plants for foods (40 species), ornamental plants (15 species), timbers for housings and buildings (9 species), medicines (8 species), natural dyes (4 species), and other uses (5 species). Various plant species potential as the commodity supporting ecotourism development included Abelmoschus manihot (traditional food), Diospyros discolor (fresh local fruit), Nypa fruticans and Pandanus tectorius (local handicrafts), Phalaenopsis amabilis (ornamental plants or cutting flowers). The use of plants in Bawean Island needs to consider the sustainable use of plants and conservation approaches.

Botanical Survey in Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: Inventory of Flora Collection at Forest

“…Based on IUCN,2015 T. leontopetaloides assessed as least concern, it common appear in natural range, the geographic range of this species is in Australia, Africa, and some region in Asia. T. leontopetaloides also found in Bawean Island, and it is not cultivated [16,17]. …”

Community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in some waterfall ecosystems, Bawean Island, Indonesia

“…The Bawean Islands are located in the Java Sea, between S5°43' until S5°52' latitude and E112°34' until E112°44' longitude, about 164 from Java Island (Armono et al 2018). These volcanic islands consist of a big island, Bawean, and several satellite islands, including Batukebo, Birangbirang, Cina, Karangbila, Selayar, Nusa, Noko, Manukan, Gili Noko, and Gili (Trimanto et al 2016;Armono et al 2018;Hendratno and Khoir 2019). Bawean Islands, which is administratively part of Gresik Regency, has more than 68,000 people, most of whom stay on the main island, Bawean (Trimanto et al 2016;BPS Kabupaten Gresik 2021).…”

“…These volcanic islands consist of a big island, Bawean, and several satellite islands, including Batukebo, Birangbirang, Cina, Karangbila, Selayar, Nusa, Noko, Manukan, Gili Noko, and Gili (Trimanto et al 2016;Armono et al 2018;Hendratno and Khoir 2019). Bawean Islands, which is administratively part of Gresik Regency, has more than 68,000 people, most of whom stay on the main island, Bawean (Trimanto et al 2016;BPS Kabupaten Gresik 2021). Geographically, Bawean islands is surrounded by sea (Hendratno and Khoir 2019).…”

Species richness, conservation status, and potential uses of plants in Segara Anakan Area of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia

“…Plants play important roles fulfilling human needs, including staple foods, medicines, sources of timber, fruits, beverages, and so on. Many plant species have been recorded and documented to have several uses based on the empirical experience and local knowledge of indigenous people (Trimanto et al 2016, Frei et al 1998. The ethnobotany and local knowedge of indigenous peoples has been widely studied across the world in an endeavour to identify the value and uses of plants in context.…”

“…Indonesia is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, comprising a wide diversity of plant life with multiple potential uses (Myers et al 2000;Heyne 1987). Many ethnic groups in Indonesia, including the Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Dayakese and others, have various traditional uses for plants growing in their regions and have their own local names for each particular plant (Abdillah et al 2014, Setyowati et al 2005, Trimanto et al 2016. Ethnobotanical research has been carried out to increase our understanding of the plant species in terms of their uses and interaction with human life, and for further development of natural products.…”