Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications

Lawder, Matthew T; Suthar, Bharatkumar; Northrop, Paul W. C.; De, Suvranu; Hoff, C. Michael; Leitermann, Olivia; Crow, M.L.; Santhanagopalan, Shriram; Subramanian, Venkat R.

doi:10.1109/jproc.2014.2317451

Cited by 531 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…BESSs are able to react practically instantaneously, and, based on their flexibility in capacity and location, last longer. Therefore, they can serve different purposes such as [25,26]: (1) matching peak power demand; (2) improving power quality and reliability of the grid by providing balancing energy; (3) reducing supply interruption by bridging power; (4) load following to increase generation utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

et al. 2017

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Due to the promoted integration of renewable sources, a further growth of strongly transient, distributed generation is expected. Thus, the existing electrical grid may reach its physical limits. To counteract this, and to fully exploit the viable potential of renewables, grid-balancing measures are crucial. In this work, battery storage systems are embedded in a grid simulation to evaluate their potential for grid balancing. The overall setup is based on a real, low-voltage distribution grid topology, real smart meter household load profiles, and real photovoltaics load data. An autonomous optimization routine, driven by a one-way communicated incentive, determines the prospective battery operation mode. Different battery positions and incentives are compared to evaluate their impact. The configurations incorporate a baseline simulation without storage, a single, central battery storage or multiple, distributed battery storages which together have the same power and capacity. The incentives address either market conditions, grid balancing, optimal photovoltaic utilization, load shifting, or self-consumption. Simulations show that grid-balancing incentives result in lowest peak-to-average power ratios, while maintaining negligible voltage changes in comparison to a reference case. Incentives reflecting market conditions for electricity generation, such as real-time pricing, negatively influence the power quality, especially with respect to the peak-to-average power ratio. A central, feed-in-tied storage performs better in terms of minimizing the voltage drop/rise and shows lower distribution losses, while distributed storages attached at nodes with electricity generation by photovoltaics achieve lower peak-to-average power ratios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

et al. 2017

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“…From Equation (12), the discrete-time model of the converter is determined by approximating the derivative load current / in terms of a forward Euler approximation, as shown in Equation (13).…”

Section: Discrete-time Model Of Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By substituting Equation (13) in Equation (12), the future current at the sampling instant k + 1 is represented as…”

Section: Discrete-time Model Of Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Model Predictive Control to BESS for Microgrid Control

Nguyen¹,

Yoo²,

Kim³

2015

Energies

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Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have been widely used for microgrid control. Generally, BESS control systems are based on proportional-integral (PI) control techniques with the outer and inner control loops based on PI regulators. Recently, model predictive control (MPC) has attracted attention for application to future energy processing and control systems because it can easily deal with multivariable cases, system constraints, and nonlinearities. This study considers the application of MPC-based BESSs to microgrid control. Two types of MPC are presented in this study: MPC based on predictive power control (PPC) and MPC based on PI control in the outer and predictive current control (PCC) in the inner control loops. In particular, the effective application of MPC for microgrids with multiple BESSs should be considered because of the differences in their control performance. In this study, microgrids with two BESSs based on two MPC techniques are considered as an example. The control performance of the MPC used for the control microgrid is compared to that of the PI control. The proposed control strategy is investigated through simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results show that the response time, power and voltage ripples, and frequency spectrum could be improved significantly by using MPC.

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“…Available energy storage technologies include batteries, super capacitors, flywheels, and pumped hydro storage, where batteries are generally considered as the dominant new solution for large-scale ESS due to its ability to supply power for periods of up to a few hours [9,10]. The cost of batteries is descending rapidly and is expected to compete with pumped hydro in the near future [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse-blocking modular multilevel converter for battery energy storage systems

Yang

Xue

Chen

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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Energy storage systems with multilevel converters play an important role in modern electric power systems with large-scale renewable energy integration. This paper proposes a reverse-blocking modular multilevel converter for a battery energy storage system (RB-MMC-BESS). Besides integrating distributed low-voltage batteries to medium or high voltage grids, with the inherited advantages of traditional MMCs, the RB-MMC-BESS also provides improved DC fault handling capability. This paper analyzes such a new converter configuration and its operating principles. Control algorithms are developed for AC side power control and the balancing of battery state of charge. The blocking mechanism to manage a DC pole-topole fault analyzed in depth. Comprehensive simulation results validate both the feasibility of the RB-MMC-BESS topology and the effectiveness of the control and fault handling strategies.

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Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications

Cited by 531 publications

References 90 publications

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

Application of Model Predictive Control to BESS for Microgrid Control

Reverse-blocking modular multilevel converter for battery energy storage systems

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