Battery charging and discharging scheduling with demand response for an electric bus public transportation system

Ke, Bwo-Ren; Lin, Yun; Chen, Hongzhang; Fang, Shyang-Chyuan

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2020.100741

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Teng et al (2019) introduced a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the single-line bus timetabling and VSP that smoothes the headway and minimizes the number of vehicles and charging cost [26]. Ke et al (2020) optimized the battery recharging scheduling at different times during the timeframe, in an effort to minimize the single-day total cost of the public transport system [27]. In addition, this study took solar and wind power generation and different feeder loads of the main transformer into consideration, integrating demand response and the resale of battery electricity to the power company.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…denote respectively the passenger arrival rates at stop n in Type 1 and Type 2, pax/min; t r q,n denotes the waiting times of residual passengers at stop n, min. The first term in Equation (27) indicates the waiting times of passengers in Type 2 when the bus is all-stop scheduling and its leading vehicle is short-turning strategy. The second term refers to the waiting times of residual passengers from the previous bus, and they can take the following bus regardless of scheduling strategy.…”

Section: Passenger-related Travel Time Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies

2021

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The emission of greenhouse gases from public transportation has aroused extensive public attention in recent years. Electric buses have the advantage of zero emission, which could prevent the further deterioration of environmental problems. Since 2018, the number of electric buses has exceeded that of traditional buses. Thus, it is an inevitable trend for the sustainable development of the automobile industry to replace traditional fuel buses, and developing electric buses is an important measure to relieve traffic congestion. Furthermore, the bus scheduling has a significant impact on passenger travel times and operating costs. It is common that passenger demand at different stops is uneven in a public transportation system. Since applying all-stop scheduling only cannot match the passenger demand of some stops with bus resources, this paper proposes an integrated all-stop and short-turning service for electric buses, reducing the influence of uneven ridership on load factor to enhance transit attractiveness. Simultaneously, considering the time-of-use pricing strategy used by the power sector, the combinational charging strategy of daytime and overnight is proposed to reduce electricity costs. Finally, the branch-and-price algorithm is adopted to solve this problem. Compared with all-stop scheduling, the results demonstrate a reduction of 13.5% in total time cost under the combinational scheduling.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Passenger-related Travel Time Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies

2021

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“…The phenomenon of self-discharge voltage has proven to be an important subject of study for any electrochemical device, particularly for batteries and supercapacitors. For batteries, the self-discharge voltage is the main limitation to storing energy for a long time, so the efficiency and autonomy of systems are poor [ 20 ], which is a challenging issue when using batteries in electric vehicles, industries, and residences [ 21 , 22 ]. To reduce battery self-discharge voltage, many strategies have been developed, such as optimizing materials for battery construction [ 22 , 23 ] and developing different models with a high degree of reliability (i.e., by taking into account several variables or assimilating the battery like an electronic circuit) [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For batteries, the self-discharge voltage is the main limitation to storing energy for a long time, so the efficiency and autonomy of systems are poor [ 20 ], which is a challenging issue when using batteries in electric vehicles, industries, and residences [ 21 , 22 ]. To reduce battery self-discharge voltage, many strategies have been developed, such as optimizing materials for battery construction [ 22 , 23 ] and developing different models with a high degree of reliability (i.e., by taking into account several variables or assimilating the battery like an electronic circuit) [ 24 , 25 ]. On the other hand, for supercapacitors, besides being determinant for the duration of energy storage (i.e., rest phases), self-discharge voltage is an important indicator to quantify performance [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes

et al. 2021

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The self-discharge phenomenon results in a decrease of the open-circuit voltage (OCV), which occurs when an electrochemical device is disconnected from the power source. Although the self-discharge phenomenon has widely been investigated for energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, no previous works have been reported in the literature about this phenomenon for electrolyzers. For this reason, this work is mainly focused on investigating the self-discharge voltage that occurs in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. To investigate this voltage drop for modeling purposes, experiments have been performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to analyze the decrease in the OCV. One model was developed based on different tests carried out on a commercial-400 W PEM electrolyzer for the self-discharge voltage. The proposed model has been compared with the experimental data to assess its effectiveness in modeling the self-discharge phenomenon. Thus, by taking into account this voltage drop in the modeling, simulations with a higher degree of reliability were obtained when predicting the behavior of PEM electrolyzers.

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“…Furthermore, the modes also need to ensure the battery storages can perform better and improve the utilization of renewable energy systems [9,[13][14][15]. Looking at the importance of battery storage charging -discharging, methods or mechanisms such as the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) [6,16,17], backtracking search algorithm [10,18,19], non-simultaneous charging and discharging [20], genetic algorithm [4,21], particle swarm optimized fuzzy controller [22][23][24][25][26][27], model predictive control [28][29][30][31][32], dynamic optimal power flow [33][34][35][36], and grey model and genetic algorithms [37] are commonly used to perform the battery storage charging and discharging. The used methods or mechanisms also conduct system optimization to reduce the stress on the battery storages as well as protect the batteries from being damaged.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Battery Charging - Discharging Management Controller: A Proposed Conceptual Battery Storage Charging – Discharging Centralized Controller

Zainurin

Anas

Singh

2021

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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This paper describes the development of a centralized controller to charge or discharge the battery storages that are connected to renewable energy sources. The centralized controller is able to assist, control, and manage the battery storage charging when excessive power is available from renewable energy sources. At the same time, the centralized controller also performs battery storage discharging when the connected load requires a power source, especially when the renewable energy sources are unavailable. Background studies regarding battery storage charging-discharging are presented in the introduction section. Also, generally developed charging-discharging methods or techniques were applied at the system level and not specifically to the battery storage system level. Due to the limited study on battery storage system charging-discharging, this paper reviews some of the similar studies in order to understand the battery storage charging–discharging characteristics as well as to propose a new conceptual methodology for the proposed centralized controller. The battery storage State-of-Charge (SoC) is used as the criterion to develop the conceptual centralized controller, which is also used as a switching characteristic between charging or discharging when only the battery energy storages are supplying the output power to the connected load. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the conceptual methodology as well as explaining the functionality and operationality of the proposed centralized controller. A summarized comparison based on the studied charging–discharging systems with the proposed centralized controller is presented to indicate the validity of the proposed centralized controller.

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Battery charging and discharging scheduling with demand response for an electric bus public transportation system

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies

Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies

Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes

A Review of Battery Charging - Discharging Management Controller: A Proposed Conceptual Battery Storage Charging – Discharging Centralized Controller

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