Batch Reactor vs. Microreactor System for Efficient AuNP Deposition on Activated Carbon Fibers

Luty–Błocho, Magdalena; Tokarski, Tomasz; Hessel, Volker; Fitzner, K.

doi:10.3390/ma14216598

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Lastly, to address the cost of catalyst, especially Pd, which is generally considered as expensive. It has been reported that the price of Pd drastically dropped from 2021 to 2023 [58] . The author attributed this to the rise of electric vehicles, and the lower demand of catalytic converters in conventional cars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrates to Ammonia: Fuel from Waste

Metem,

Toledo‐Carrillo,

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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Ammonia (NH3) is globally one of the most produced chemicals. Despite being known for its use as a fuel and as a precursor of multiple chemicals, during its production, it is responsible for more than 1.2% of the total global CO2 emission and consumes a large amount of energy. In this work, we studied a flow‐through membrane‐free electrocatalytic device (CMED) to produce continuous stream of NH3 from a common water contaminant, nitrate (NO3−). Indium‐palladium (In‐Pd) nanoparticles were impregnated in activated carbon cloth (ACC) and used as a cathode in the electrochemical device. It is found that in the counter electrode, adding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active catalysts like platinum (Pt) for the regeneration of hydrogen ions enhances the rate of ammonia conversion to 7.28 µmol min−1 cm−2, eliminate the production of toxic nitrite by‐products, as well as provide a platform for a stable energy consumption over long periods of time. This method for the conversion of NO3− into NH3 promises a way forward for sustainable resource utilization while generating fuel from waste and contributing to future circular economies, and managing the nitrogen cycle in water that is a major challenge of the 21st century society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrates to Ammonia: Fuel from Waste

Metem,

Toledo‐Carrillo,

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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“…Microreactor technology typically refers to chemical reactions occurring in channels with dimensions of hundreds of micrometers or several millimeters . Owing to their high specific surface areas, microreactors exhibit enhanced heat and mass transfers, more precise control of reaction conditions, and higher process safety than conventional batch reactors, − which considerably improves the product quality − and production efficiency. − Owing to these remarkable advantages, microreactors have been widely applied to some highly exothermic and rapid reactions, such as oxidation, sulfonation, nitrification, and rearrangemen. ,− In polymerization reactions, various polymers exhibiting narrow molecular weight distributions and well-controlled molecular weights, structures, and shapes can be synthesized in microreactors. , Johnson and Chen constructed an efficient continuous-flow microreactor for the photocontrolled reactive-radical polymerization of precisely controlled polymers. Corrigan et al prepared low-polydispersity block copolymer mixtures with tailored composition gradients through photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

Fang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Owing to their large specific surface areas and excellent heat and mass transfer compared with those of conventional batch reactors, microreactors have been widely used in chemical industries. In this study, a strategy is proposed for precisely controlling the synthesis of comb-type terpolymers in a microreactor. Poly(octadecyl acrylate− docosyl acrylate−maleic anhydride) was investigated as a pour point depressant (PPD) for waxy crude oils. A terpolymer showing a high weight-average molecular weight (M w ) and low polydispersity index (PDI) was synthesized within 5 min compared with a conventional time-consuming batch reaction. Under the optimal conditions, the M w of the terpolymer reached 3.7 × 10 4 , and the PDI was 1.42. Notably, the pour point of the crude oil was reduced by 8 K at a PPD dosage of 1300 ppm. The polymerization kinetics revealed that the microreactor accelerated the polymerization. In contrast to the batch reactor, the microreactor exhibited better heat transfer, which avoided the generation of hot spots. Furthermore, the calculated Bodenstein number (Bo) revealed that the degrees of plug-flow deviation and backmixing are negatively correlated with the molecular weight distribution.

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Opportunities and Challenges in the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles via the Chemical Route in Microreactor Systems

Pach,

Szot,

Fitzner

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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The process of noble metal nanoparticle synthesis is complex and consists of at least two steps: slow nucleation and fast autocatalytic growth. The kinetics of these two processes depends on the reductant “power” and the addition of stabilizers, as well as other factors (e.g., temperature, pH, ionic strength). Knowing these parameters, it is possible to synthesize materials with appropriate physicochemical properties, which can be simply adjusted by the type of the used metal, particle morphology and surface property. This, in turn, affects the possibility of their applications in various areas of life, including medicine, catalysis, engineering, fuel cells, etc. However, in some cases, the standard route, i.e., the chemical reduction of a metal precursor carried out in the batch reactor, is not sufficient due to problems with temperature control, properties of reagents, unstable or dangerous intermediates and products, etc. Therefore, in this review, we focused on an alternative approach to their chemical synthesis provided by microreactor systems. The use of microreactors for the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials (e.g., Ag, Au, Pt, Pd), obtained by chemical reduction, is analyzed, taking into account investigations carried out in recent years. A particular emphasis is placed on the processes in which the use of microreactors removed the limitations associated with synthesis in a batch reactor. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges related to the synthesis of noble nanomaterials in the microreactor system are underlined. This review discusses the advantages as well as the problems of nanoparticle synthesis in microreactors.

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Batch Reactor vs. Microreactor System for Efficient AuNP Deposition on Activated Carbon Fibers

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrates to Ammonia: Fuel from Waste

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrates to Ammonia: Fuel from Waste

Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

Opportunities and Challenges in the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles via the Chemical Route in Microreactor Systems

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