Batch Injection Analysis Utilizing Modified Electrodes with Tetraruthenated Porphyrin Films for Acetaminophen Quantification

Abstract

Batch injection analysis (BIA) utilizing amperometric detection with glassy carbon electrodes modified with [Co(TPyP){Ru(bipy) 2 Cl} 4 ](TFMS) 5 ¥ H 2 O porphyrin films were explored for acetaminophen analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. BIA is an interesting alternative for application of electrodes modified with tetraruthenated porphyrins. This sensor exhibited sharp current response peaks, rapid washout and excellent reproducibility for BIAamperometric quantification of acetaminophen. Also, a wide linear working range (10 À4 to 10 À6 mol L À1 ) as well as high sensitivity and sampling frequency rate (detection limit 1.1 Â 10 À7 mol L À1 , sampling frequency 120 injections/ h) and a small volume of analysis (100 mL/injection) was achieved. Furthermore, the proposed method permits the direct quantification of acetaminophen in many pharmaceutical products, avoiding cumbersome processes as previous separations, solvent extraction or sample filtration. The new procedure was applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products and the results were in excellent agreement with the ones obtained by spectrophotometric method. Accordingly, this amperometric method showed to be very well suited for quality control analysis and other applications with similar requirements.

Electrochemical Oxidation and Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceuticals at Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes

“…Other studies have investigated electrochemical determination of ACAP using unmodified electrodes, such as boron-doped diamond electrodes [12 -14], carbon ionic liquid electrodes [15,16] and carbon film resistor electrodes [17]. Some researchers have extensively investigated determination of ACAP at chemically modified electrodes, including nanogold modified indium tin oxide electrodes [2], Nafion-coated glassy carbon tubular electrodes [18], C60 modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) [19], carbon nanotube modified electrodes [20], carbon nanotubebased nanoelectrode arrays [21], singlewalled carbon nanotube modified tungsten wire electrodes [22], polyanilinemultiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrodes [23], carbon coated nickel magnetic nanoparticles modified electrodes [24], Nafion/ruthenium oxide pyrochlore modified electrodes [25], Cu-conducting polymer complex modified electrodes [26], and tetraruthenated porphyrin modified electrodes [27]. Table 1 summarizes the analytical performance for ACAP electrochemical detection.…”

Molecular Materials and Devices: Developing New Functional Systems Based on the Coordination Chemistry Approach

“…This work has been recently performed 177 by means of batch injection analysis (BIA) utilizing amperometric detection with glassy carbon electrodes modified with [Co(TPyP){Ru(bipy) 2 Cl} 4 ] 5+ triflate films.…”

“…Also, a wide linear working range (10 -4 to 10 -6 mol L -1 ) as well as high sensibility and sampling frequency rate (detection limit = 1.1 x 10 -7 mol L -1 , sampling frequency = 120 injections/h); and a small volume of analysis (100 µL/injection) has been achieved. The proposed method 177 permits the direct and selective quantification of acetaminophen in many pharmaceutical products, avoiding cumbersome processes as previous separations, solvent extraction or sample filtration. Such new procedure has been applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products and the results were in excellent agreement with the ones obtained by standard spectrophotometric method.…”

A sensitive determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples using multi-walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode

“…2, 2011 pharmaceutical formulation is vital in the quality control of the pharmaceutical industry, and can have a significant impact in healthcare quality. Various methods such as capillary electrophoresis, 8,9 amperometric batch injection analysis, 10 23 have been employed in the determination of ACT in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. However, the majority of these methods suffer from some disadvantages such as high costs, long analysis times and requirement for sample pretreatment, and in some cases low sensitivity and selectivity that makes them unsuitable for routine analysis.…”