Batch Injection Analysis: An Almost Unexplored Powerful Tool

Quintino, Maria S. M.; Angnes, Lúcio

doi:10.1002/elan.200302878

Cited by 147 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…15,16 Batch injection analysis (BIA) presents similar characteristics and can be an interesting alternative to FIA in such a way that pumps and valves of the FIA system are not necessary and reduced volumes of carrier solutions are employed. 17 The BIA system with amperometric detection requires an electronic micropipette that injects a sample plug directly onto the working electrode surface positioned in a wall-jet configuration. The working electrode as well as the reference and counter electrodes are immersed in a large-volume blank solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations by batch injection analysis with pulsed amperometric detection

Stefano¹,

Lima²,

Montes³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um método eletroanalítico original e rápido para a determinação de naproxeno em formulações farmacêuticas usando análise por injeção em batelada (BIA) com detecção amperométrica pulsada é descrito. Eletrodo de carbono vítreo foi usado como eletrodo de trabalho e solução tampão fosfato 0,05 mol L -1 como eletrólito suporte. O método amperométrico envolveu a aplicação contínua de dois pulsos de potencial ao eletrodo de trabalho com intuito de detectar naproxeno pela sua oxidação eletroquímica (+1,5 V por 200 ms) e de limpar a superfície do eletrodo de produtos de adsorção (+1,0 V por 100 ms), evitando contaminação do eletrodo. O método proposto possui várias vantagens para análises de rotina, incluindo: baixo desvio padrão relativo (3,0%, n = 10), elevada frequência analítica (90 h -1 ), exatidão satisfatória (baseado em determinações comparativas por espectrofluorimetria) e baixo limite de detecção (0,3 µmol L -1 ).A novel and fast electroanalytical method for naproxen determination in pharmaceutical formulations using batch injection analysis (BIA) with pulsed amperometric detection is described. Bare glassy carbon electrode was used as working electrode and 0.05 mol L -1 phosphate buffer solution as supporting electrolyte. The amperometric method involved the continuous application of two sequential potential pulses to the working electrode in order to detect naproxen by its electrochemical oxidation (+1.5 V for 200 ms) and to clean the electrode surface from adsorption products (+1.0 V for 100 ms), avoiding electrode contamination. The proposed method has several advantages for routine analysis, including: a low relative standard deviation between injections (3.0%, n = 10), high analytical frequency (90 h -1 ), satisfactory accuracy (based on comparative determinations by spectrofluorimetry) and low limit of detection (0.3 µmol L -1 ).Keywords: batch injection analysis, multiple-pulse amperometry, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug IntroductionNaproxen, 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanoic acid, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from propionic acid and has been widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. It is also commonly used for the reduction of stiffness caused by conditions including kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. 1,2 NSAIDs have been associated with the increasing number of potentially cardiovascular events. However, a recent study classified naproxen as the least harmful NSAID in cardiovascular terms. 3 Different analytical methods have been proposed for the determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations including spectrophotometry (UV region), 4,5 spectrofluorimetry, 6-8 capillary isotachophoresis 9 and high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) coupled with spectrophotometric, 10 amperometric 11 and mass spectrometric detectors. 1 Nevertheless, these analytical methods require expensive equipment and reagents, are time-consuming and often necessitate laborious pre-and pos...

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confidence: 99%

Fast determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations by batch injection analysis with pulsed amperometric detection

Stefano¹,

Lima²,

Montes³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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show abstract

“…A injeção das soluções na célula BIA foi realizada com uma micropipeta eletrônica motorizada (Eppendorf Multipette® Stream) com uma distância constante entre a superfície do eletrodo de trabalho e o Multipette® Combitip® (≈ 2 mm) durante a injeção. 34 Maiores detalhes sobre células BIA (arte de preparo e modo de utilização) podem ser obtidos em artigos publicados anteriormente 28,32,[35][36][37] e em vídeos 38,39 disponibilizados na internet. Os resultados obtidos por BIA-MPA na análise de amostras farmacêuticas contendo PAR, PRO e CAF foram comparados com os obtidos por HPLC.…”

Section: Instrumentaçãounclassified

“…O sistema BIA-MPA permite a realização de análises simples e rápidas com a injeção de uma pequena alíquota de amostra ou solução padrão (geralmente de 50 a 150 μL) com o auxílio de uma micropipeta (geralmente eletrônica) sobre a superfície do eletrodo de trabalho que está imerso em um grande volume de eletrólito suporte. 26,27 O sistema BIA acoplado a MPA apresenta diversas características desejáveis, como o uso de instrumentação de baixo custo (aquisição e manutenção), baixo consumo de reagentes e amostras (geração de volumes mínimos de resíduos por análise), elevada frequência analítica e boa estabilidade. 22,28 Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo método eletroquímico usando a análise por injeção em batelada com detecção por amperometria de múltiplos pulsos para determinação rápida e simultânea de PRO, PAR e CAF.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Determinação Rápida E Simultânea De Propifenazona, Paracetamol E Cafeína Utilizando Análise Por Injeção Em Batelada Com Detecção Amperométrica

Silva¹,

Silva²,

Muñoz³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

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FAST SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPIFENAZONE, PARACETAMOL AND CAFFEINE USING BATCH INJECTION ANALYSIS WITH AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION. A fast and simple procedure for simultaneous determination of propyphenazone (PRO), paracetamol (PAR) and caffeine (CAF) was performed using batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA). Three potentials pulses were selected for the analysis: +0.90 V/50 ms: only PAR was oxidized; +1.20 V/50 ms: oxidation of PAR and PRO without the interference of CAF; +1.60 V/50 ms: oxidation of the three compounds (PAR, PRO and CAF). The sample aliquot (150 μL) was directly injected onto the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode immersed in a BIA cell. The analytical characteristics of the proposed method include high analytical frequency (75 injections per hour), good stability (RSD < 3.9%; n = 10), and low detection limits (0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 mg L −1 for PRO, PAR and CAF, respectively). The proposed method yielded similar results to those obtained by liquid chromatography at a 95% confidence level.

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“…17 The stirring rate was kept constant at 280 ± 10 rpm in all studies. The distance between the Multipette® combitip® and the working electrode was kept constant (≈ 2 mm) 11 in all injection procedures. All electrochemical measurements were carried out at room temperature without removing dissolved oxygen.…”

Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this system, a small volume (typically 10-150 µL) of sample or standard solution is directly injected using an electronic micropipette on a working electrode surface, which is submerged in a large-volume of supporting electrolyte (blank solution). [11][12][13][14][15] This approach allows the development of analytical methods with several desirable characteristics, such as the need of small sample volumes (minimal waste production), high sensitivity, high speed, low cost, possibility of multi-component analysis (good selectively) and easily applicable in laboratories with minimal infrastructure or on-site analysis. 11,12,16,17 In this work, we propose a new method using batch-injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) for the simultaneous determination of three compounds (CTP, DIP, and CAF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric determination of 8-chlorotheophylline, caffeine, and diphenhydramine in a single run

Freitas¹,

Oliveira²,

Muñoz³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

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publicado na web em 15/05/2017 A simple method for simultaneous determination of 8-chlorotheophylline (CTP), caffeine (CAF), and diphenhydramine (DIP) using batch-injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) is reported. A sequence of three potential pulses (+1.10 V, +1.40 V, and +1.70 V) was applied to the boron-doped diamond working electrode with the acquisition of three distinct amperograms. CTP was detected selectively at +1.10 V, both CTP + CAF at +1.40 V and CTP + CAF + DIP at +1.70 V. The subtraction between the currents detected at the three potential pulses (with the use of correction factors) was the strategy used to achieve selectivity for the determination of CAF and DIP. The proposed method is simple, inexpensive, fast (120 injections h -1 ), presents good precision (RSD < 0.9%; n = 20), and adequate limits of detection (0.31, 0.49, and 0.76 µmol L -1 for CTP, CAF and DIP, respectively). The results obtained by BIA-MPA were similar to those found by high-performance liquid chromatography (95% confidence level).

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Batch Injection Analysis: An Almost Unexplored Powerful Tool

Cited by 147 publications

References 60 publications

Fast determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations by batch injection analysis with pulsed amperometric detection

Fast determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations by batch injection analysis with pulsed amperometric detection

Determinação Rápida E Simultânea De Propifenazona, Paracetamol E Cafeína Utilizando Análise Por Injeção Em Batelada Com Detecção Amperométrica

Amperometric determination of 8-chlorotheophylline, caffeine, and diphenhydramine in a single run

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