BAT AGN spectroscopic survey - XV: the high frequency radio cores of ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN

Smith, Krista Lynne; Mushotzky, R. F.; Koss, Michael; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Ricci, Cláudio; Wong, O. I.; Bauer, F. E.; Ricci, F.; Vogel, S. N.; Stern, Daniel; Powell, Meredith C.; Urry, C. Megan; Harrison, Fiona A.; Mejía-Restrepo, Julián E.; Oh, Kyuseok; Baek, Ju Yuel; Chung, Aeree

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3608

Cited by 44 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…These flux densities are in agreement with previous surveys performed at comparable resolution and sensitivities with the VLA, although most at lower frequencies (e.g. Kellermann et al 1989; Barvainis et al 1996;Kukula et al 1998;Leipski et al 2006), and with works performed in the same frequency coverage and with samples with similar characteristics, as Park et al (2013) and Smith et al (2020). Our flux densities are also in agreement with 3-mm CARMA flux densities derived by Behar et al (2018) for 26 hard-X-rays selected AGN from Swift-BAT.…”

Section: Flux Densities and Luminositiessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…ν ≥ 95 GHz) Behar et al 2018found a detection rate of ∼77 per cent for a sample of highly-accreting AGN (see also Doi et al 2011, for the LLAGN in the mm range). Our result confirms a trend which have been observed at these frequecies by Smith et al (2020) for 100 low-redshift AGN selected at 14-195 keV from the Swift-BAT, 96 per cent, however it is not in agreement with the lower detection rates found by Park et al (2013) with single dish measurements at 22 and 43 GHz (37 and 22 per cent, respectively).…”

Section: Detection Ratescontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…More recently, Smith et al (2016Smith et al ( , 2020) characterised a sample of hard-X-rays selected AGN from Swift-BAT at 22 GHz at ∼1 arcsec resolution, with most of properties similar to our sample, e.g. redshift range, sensitivity of the hard-X-rays instrument, X-ray and hard-X-rays luminosities, and sensitivity of radio observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…2013). Only few works have been performed at high frequencies to characterise the radio emission in RQ AGN, one of them being the 1-arcsec, 22 GHz JVLA characterisation of 100 RQ Swift/BAT AGN (0.003≤z≤0.049) survey performed by Smith et al (2016Smith et al ( , 2020. Various morphologies were found, from compact (∼half of the sample), to extended, interpreted as due to star formation, and jet-like, with flux densities in agreement with both scale-invariant jet models and coronal models.…”

Section: Hxagn I a Radio View At High Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to previous works (e.g. Smith et al 2016Smith et al , 2020, our novel approach consists in the use of dual frequency observations at 22 and 45 GHz, which allow us to derive high-frequency spectral indices and provide stronger constraints in the discrimination between the diverse radiative processes responsible for the observed radio emission. The hard-X-rays selection of the sample makes it relatively free of selection biases with respect to other wavebands (see discussion in Ho & Ulvestad 2001), giving us the opportunity to have an unbiased view of the radio population.…”

Section: Hxagn I a Radio View At High Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei – I. A radio view at high frequencies

Chiaraluce

Panessa

Bruni

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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A thorough study of radio emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is of fundamental importance to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the emission and the interplay between accretion and ejection processes. High-frequency radio observations can target the nuclear contribution of smaller emitting regions and are less affected by absorption. We present JVLA 22 and 45 GHz observations of 16 nearby (0.003 ≤ z ≤ 0.3) hard-X-ray-selected AGNs at the (sub)-kpc scale with tens μJy beam−1 sensitivity. We detected 15/16 sources, with flux densities ranging from hundreds μJy to tens Jy (specific luminosities from ∼1020 to ${\sim}10^{25}\, \mathrm{ W}\, \mathrm{ Hz}^{-1}$ at 22 GHz). All detected sources host a compact core, with eight being core-dominated at either frequencies, the others exhibiting also extended structures. Spectral indices range from steep to flat/inverted. We interpret this evidence as either due to a core+jet system (6/15), a core accompanied by surrounding star formation (1/15), to a jet oriented close to the line of sight (3/15), to emission from a corona or the base of a jet (1/15), although there might be degeneracies between different processes. Four sources require more data to shed light on their nature. We conclude that, at these frequencies, extended, optically thin components are present together with the flat-spectrum core. The LR/LX ∼ 10−5 relation is roughly followed, indicating a possible contribution to radio emission from a hot corona. A weakly significant correlation between radio core (22 and 45 GHz) and X-ray luminosities is discussed in the light of an accretion–ejection framework.

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Section: Flux Densities and Luminositiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Detection Ratescontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Hxagn I a Radio View At High Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hxagn I a Radio View At High Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei – I. A radio view at high frequencies

Chiaraluce

Panessa

Bruni

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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A multifrequency characterization of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky

Kosiba

Massaro

Peña-Herazo

et al. 2023

A&A

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Context. Nowadays, we know that the origin of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) is the integrated emission of nearby active galactic nuclei. Therefore, in order to obtain a precise estimate of the contribution of different source classes to the CXB, it is crucial to achieve full characterization of the hard-X ray sky. Aims. We present a multifrequency analysis of all sources listed in the third release of the Palermo Swift-BAT hard X-ray catalog (3PBC) with the goal of (i) identifying and classifying the largest number of sources adopting multifrequency criteria, with particular emphasis on extragalactic populations and (ii) extracting sources belonging to the class of Seyfert galaxies to present here the release of the second version of the Turin-SyCAT. Methods. We outline a classification scheme based on radio, infrared (IR), and optical criteria that allows us to distinguish between unidentified and unclassified hard X-ray sources, as well as to classify those sources belonging to the Galactic and the extragalactic populations. Results. Our revised version of the 3PBC lists 1176 classified, 820 extragalactic, and 356 Galactic sources, as well as 199 unclassified and 218 unidentified sources. According to our analysis, the hard X-ray sky is mainly populated by Seyfert galaxies and blazars. For the blazar population, we report trends between the hard X-ray and the gamma-ray emissions based on the fact that a large fraction of them also have a counterpart detected by the Fermi satellite. These trends are all in agreement with the expectations of inverse Compton models which are widely adopted to explain the blazar broadband emission. For the Seyfert galaxies, we present the second version of the Turin-SyCAT, including a total of 633 Seyfert galaxies, with 282 new sources corresponding to an increase of ∼80 % with respect to the previous release. Comparing the hard X-ray and the infrared emissions of Seyfert galaxies, we confirm that there is no clear difference between the flux distribution of the infrared-to-hard X-ray flux ratio of Seyfert galaxies Type 1 and Type 2. However, there is a significant trend between the mid-IR flux and hard X-ray flux, confirming previous statistical results in the literature. Conclusions. We provide two catalog tables. The first is the revised version of the 3PBC catalog based on our multifrequency analyses. The second catalog table is a release of the second version of the Turin-SyCAT catalog. Finally, we highlight that extensive soft X-ray data are already available in the form of the SWIFT archive which can be used to search for potential counterparts of unidentified hard X-ray sources. All these datasets will be reduced and analyzed in a forthcoming analysis to determine the precise position of lowenergy counterparts in the 0.5 -10 keV energy range for 3PBC sources that can be targets of future optical spectroscopic campaigns; this is necessary to obtain their precise classification.

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LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

Baldi

Williams

Beswick

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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What determines the nuclear radio emission in local galaxies? To address this question, we combine optical [O iii] line emission, robust black hole (BH) mass estimates, and high-resolution e-MERLIN 1.5-GHz data, from the LeMMINGs survey, of a statistically complete sample of 280 nearby optically active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive [H ii and absorption line galaxies (ALGs)] galaxies. Using [O iii] luminosity ($L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}$) as a proxy for the accretion power, local galaxies follow distinct sequences in the optical–radio planes of BH activity, which suggest different origins of the nuclear radio emission for the optical classes. The 1.5-GHz radio luminosity of their parsec-scale cores (Lcore) is found to scale with BH mass (MBH) and [O iii] luminosity. Below MBH ∼ 106.5 M⊙, stellar processes from non-jetted H ii galaxies dominate with $L_{\rm core} \propto M_{\rm BH}^{0.61\pm 0.33}$ and $L_{\rm core} \propto L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}^{0.79\pm 0.30}$. Above MBH ∼ 106.5 M⊙, accretion-driven processes dominate with $L_{\rm core} \propto M_{\rm BH}^{1.5-1.65}$ and $L_{\rm core} \propto L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}^{0.99-1.31}$ for active galaxies: radio-quiet/loud LINERs, Seyferts, and jetted H ii galaxies always display (although low) signatures of radio-emitting BH activity, with $L_{\rm 1.5\, GHz}\gtrsim 10^{19.8}$ W Hz−1 and MBH ≳ 107 M⊙, on a broad range of Eddington-scaled accretion rates ($\dot{m}$). Radio-quiet and radio-loud LINERs are powered by low-$\dot{m}$ discs launching sub-relativistic and relativistic jets, respectively. Low-power slow jets and disc/corona winds from moderately high to high-$\dot{m}$ discs account for the compact and edge-brightened jets of Seyferts, respectively. Jetted H ii galaxies may host weakly active BHs. Fuel-starved BHs and recurrent activity account for ALG properties. In conclusion, specific accretion–ejection states of active BHs determine the radio production and the optical classification of local active galaxies.

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BAT AGN spectroscopic survey - XV: the high frequency radio cores of ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN

Cited by 44 publications

References 86 publications

Hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei – I. A radio view at high frequencies

Hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei – I. A radio view at high frequencies

A multifrequency characterization of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky

LeMMINGs III. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of the Palomar sample: exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O iii] – radio connection

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